Microbiology: Chapter 4 Study Module

The Golgi apparatus:

-is enclosed by a double-membrane structure.

-is made up of lipid bilayer sacs packed with substances ranging from simple organic and inorganic molecules to complex enzymes.

-is made up of fine fibers made of the protein actin.

-resembles a series of disc-like, flattened sacs called cisternae that stack upon one another.

resembles a series of disc-like, flattened sacs called cisternae that stack upon one another.

Plants __________.

-are saprobes

-may cause infectious disease

-are characterized as a group that contains both unicellular or multicellular organisms

-are multicellular organisms that carry out photosynthesis

are multicellular organisms that carry out photosynthesis

Eukaryotic ribosomes are made up of a small __________ subunit and large __________ subunit.

-40S; 80S

-30S; 50S

-70S; 80S

-40S; 60S

40S; 60S

Whole cells or viruses are engulfed and imported into a eukaryotic cell via __________.

-diffusion

-exocytosis

-phagocytosis

-pinocytosis

phagocytosis

Which of the following types of cell division is found in prokaryotic cells?

-Binary fission

-Mitosis

-All types—binary fission, mitosis, and meiosis—are found in prokaryotic cells.

-Meiosis

Binary fission

The sticky outer layer that can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is known as the __________.

-glycocalyx

-cilia

-cell wall

-flagella

glycocalyx

The endosymbiotic theory states that nonphotosynthetic prokaryotes merged with an ancestral cell and, over evolutionary time, became___________. Some of these new cells engaged in a second merging event with a photosynthetic prokaryote, possibly a cyanobacterium. The photosynthetic prokaryote eventually—over evolutionary time—became __________.

-mitochondria; chloroplasts

-nucleus; chloroplasts

-ribosomes; mitochondria

-chloroplasts; mitochondria

mitochondria; chloroplasts

Which of the following eukaryotic organelles plays an essential role in protein and lipid production in the cell?

-Golgi apparatus

-Nucleus

-Mitochondria

-Endoplasmic reticulum

Endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following vesicles contain a wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes that break down substances engulfed by the cell during phagocytosis?

-Lysosomes

-Peroxisomes

-Secretory vesicles

-Vacuoles

Lysosomes

Which of the following structures is found in all cells?

-Cilia

-Cell wall

-Nucleus

-Plasma membrane

Plasma membrane

Which of the following fibers are found as part of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

-Microfilaments and microtubules only

-Microtubules and intermediate filaments only

-Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

-Intermediate filaments and microfilaments only

Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

Which of the following types of fungal spores arise from mitosis and do not result in genetic variation?

-Basidiospores

-Ascospores

-Conidiospores

-Zygospores

-Sporangiospores

-Endospores

Conidiospores and Sporangiospores

Which of the following cell structures are only found in eukaryotic cells?

-Lipopolysaccharide layer

-Mitochondria

-Flagella

-Ribosomes

-Plasma membrane

-Nucleus

Mitochondria and Nucleus

You are observing an unknown, unicellular organism with a high-resolution and magnification microscope. You notice the presence of various membrane-bound organelles. Which of the following types of cells could you be seeing in your specimen?

-Fungus

-Archaeal organism

-Endospore

-Helminth

-Bacterial organism

-Amoeba

Fungus and Amoeba

Which of the following provides supporting evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts may have once been free-living prokaryotes?

-Mitochondria and chloroplasts are relatively large organelles.

-Mitochondria and chloroplasts are non-membrane bound organelles.

-Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain 70S ribosomes.

-Mitochondria and chloroplasts have similar function in that they are responsible for generating most of the cell's ATP.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain 70S ribosomes.

Your patient has severe diarrhea and is passing mucus and blood. Stool samples that were obtained and checked under the microscope revealed cysts. His patient history also indicates that he recently traveled to southeast Asia. What is he likely infected with?

-Entamoeba histolytica

-Naegleria fowleri

-Euglena

-Acanthamoeba

entamoeba histolytica

Which of the following is characterized as a Mastigophora, or “flagellated protozoan”?

-Giardia intestinalis

-Entamoeba histolytica

-Plasmodium species

-Balantidium coli

Giardia intestinalis

Nematodes, tapeworms, and flukes are members of the kingdom __________.

-Animalia

-Protista

-Plantae

-Fungi

Animalia

Animals are not typically microscopic, yet we cover them in microbiology because _________.

-their cell walls may contain virulence factors that cause infections in humans

-certain parasitic worms, or helminths, are usually spread in a microscopic form

-they contain chloroplasts that may cause allergic reactions in immunocompromised patients

-many pathogenic animals are unicellular

certain parasitic worms, or helminths, are usually spread in a microscopic form

_________ is to fungal cell walls as _________ is to bacterial cell walls.

-Chitin; pseudomurein

-Cellulose; peptidoglycan

-Chitin; peptidoglycan

-Cellulose; chitin

Chitin; peptidoglycan

Which of the following statements are correct about mitosis and meiosis?

-The gametes produced in meiosis have half the number of chromosomes of their diploid parent, while the daughter cells produced in mitosis have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

-Following meiosis, two complementary gametes combine resulting in a zygote with the full number of chromosomes necessary to mature into the next generation of that particular organism.

-Meiosis produces two daughter cells identical to the parent cell, while mitosis results in genetically diverse gametes.

-Mitosis produces haploid gametes, while meiosis produces diploid, identical daughter cells.

-Both mitosis and meiosis produce identical daughter cells.

-The gametes produced in meiosis have half the number of chromosomes of their diploid parent, while the daughter cells produced in mitosis have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

-Following meiosis, two complementary gametes combine resulting in a zygote with the full number of chromosomes necessary to mature into the next generation of that particular organism.

Which of the following fungal species may cause infections in healthy individuals that have not suffered from interruption in the normal microbiotia?

-Claviceps purpurea species

-Pneumocystis species

-Trichophyton species

-Candida species

Trichophyton species