GCSE Edexcel Cold War

Which conference DID NOT take place during the Second World War (in Europe)?

Potsdam

At which conference did the grand alliance agree to open a second front?

Tehran

Agree germany should be divided into four zones

Agree Europe is soviet sphere of influence

Disagree on how much germany should pay in reparations and polish borders

Which conference is this?

Yalta

Two consequences of \___________ were that germany (and separately berlin as well) was to be divided into four zones of occupation and that powers fall out

whereas stalin wants a weakened germany, the west want one thats strong and whereas stalin wants soviet power or control in Eastern Europe, Truman wants free elections.

The breakdown of trust during the Potsdam conference was caused by the USSR breaking rules of free elections in Eastern Europe and the US not telling Stalin about the...

Atomic bomb

The Potsdam conference was important because it showed that without a common enemy,\_______________________ were unable to make decisions, get along, agree and were divided

The grand alliance

Stalin was convinced the west were anti soviet because they wanted a strong germany and to free Poland. This caused him to set up the 'satellite states', which acted as a ....

Buffer zone

Who won the Greek Civil War, causing no further westward spread of communism?

The royalists

The Truman doctrine emphasised a policy of...

Containment

When was cominform formed?

1947

When was Comecon formed?

1948

When was the Truman Doctrine announced?

March 1947

Stalin established satellite states 1945

47 which provoked Churchill's iron curtain speech and kennans' \____________________ that acted as warnings to Truman

One consequence of the Truman doctrine was the Marshall plan. By 1953, how much money had this provided Europe with?

17 Billion USD

Another consequence of the Truman doctrine was that the US was committed to Europe economically (Marshall v Comecon) , militarily and \______________ (Truman v Cominform)

Politically

The Cold War was made 'official' by what action that put the US at opposition with the USSR?

The Truman Doctrine

The Truman doctrine was important as it lead to the increased \_________________ of Europe, through the decreased chance of breaking the iron curtain due to the soviet grip on satellite states (cominform and Comecon)

Polarisation

What does NATO stand for?

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

When was NATO created?

April 1949

Bizonia was formed in January 1948 and was the merging of the US and \_____ zones

UK

What as the new currency introduced into western sectors in 1948

Deutschmark

Stalin was fearful of the richer \___________ zones of berlin enticing easterners over, invasion and of spies

West

What was the currency stalin introduced to east germany in 1948?

Ostmark

When did stalin lift the blockade of West Berlin?

12 May 1949

When was the Warsaw Pact formed?

1955

When did stalin close access to West Berlin?

24 June 1949

How many flights made up the berlin airlift?

275 000

The planes in the berlin airlift arrived at \__ second intervals

90

The \_______________ set stage for future conflict over berlin

Berlin Crisis

The berlin crisis showed stalin the necessity of nuclear weapons as the US has them and now he his facing a group of military powered (NATO)

this accelerates the....

What is the official name of west germany?

Federal Republic of Germany

What is the official name of east germany?

German Democratic Republic

What does MAD mean?

Mutually Assured Destruction

Who won the space race?

United States

How many powers was he Warsaw Pact made up of?

8

The establishment of NATO and the splitting of germany into west and east was a consequence of what?

The Berlin Crisis

Western germany joined NATO in 1955, causing the creation of....

The Warsaw Pact

Little boy and fat man were...

Atomic bombs

Who was arrested and executed as consequence of the Hungarian uprising 1956?

Nagy

How many Hungarian rebels were killed during the Hungarian uprising?

20,000

After the uprising, Hungary stayed part of \______________________, signalling for to other countries not to try to leave.

The Warsaw Pact

The Hungarian uprising caused marches in the west in support for the rebels, and TV presenter Ed O'Sullivan raised \________________ by 1957 as aid.

6 million USD

The Hungarian Uprising showed the US's \_______________ to get involved in Eastern Europe and soviet spheres of influence, making the USSR more confident and secure in their control.

Unwillingness

The US were willing to threaten with \____________________ in Berlin 1948/49, but now that the USSR developed one, they kept quiet.

The Atomic Bomb

Who demanded to leave the Warsaw Pact in 1956?

Hungary (Nagy)

Who was put in charge after Nagy was executed?

Kadar

The soviet invasion of Hungary was on the \_________________________, the same day as the US election.

4 November 1956

Who became leader after Stalin died in 1956?

Khrushchev

The Hungarian uprising came to a ceasefire on\___________________

10 November 1956

The Arms race was...

Self

Which president introduced SDI?

Reagan

What does SDI mean?

Strategic Defense Initiative

When did the USSR create an atom bomb?

1949

A consequence of \________________ was that crises became world threatening and more dangerous, increasing paranoia on both sides.

The Arms Race

The arms race played a part in the \__________________ \___________________ of the USSR in the 1980s.

Economic collapse

When did the USA develop the hydrogen bomb?

1952

USSR

contribution to space race

USA

contribution to space race

\________ \_______ \___________ is the idea that a full

scale use of nuclear weapons by opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender.

Kennedy's '\___ \___ \___ \________' speech in 1963 reaffirmed US commitment to Western Europe

Ich bin ein Berliner

From 1949

1961, about how many E. Germans fled to W. Germany through Berlin?

The famous checkpoint in the wall that almost came to conflict in 1961 was called checkpoint...

Charlie

When did Khrushchev issue his Berlin Ultimatum as a result of the refugee crisis?

1958

What was the pilot shot down in a U2 spy plane over the USSR in 1960 called?

Gary Powers

What day did the Berlin wall go up?

August 13, 1961

A 5 year freeze on the number of ICBMs and SLBMs was agreed at what conference?

Salt 1

When was the hotline set up?

1963

When was the Nuclear Non

Proliferation Treaty signed?

When was the Outer Space Treaty signed?

1968

When were the Helsinki Accords signed?

1975

Security, cooperation and human rights where the three \_____________ at the Helsinki accords of 1975

Baskets

Which of the baskets of the Helsinki Accords was the Soviet Union most hesitant to comply with?

Human rights

What basket was the high hand shake a consequence of?

Cooperation

When were the Moscow Olympics?

1980

Who took power in Afghanistan in 1978 to impose communist reforms, but also persecute Muslims?

People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan

Who did the CIA help to fund to fight a 'jihad' against communists?

The Mujahideen

When did Gorbachev become leader of the USSR?

1985

Which defence initiative did Reagan put in place which Gorbachev disagreed with?

SDI

Which doctrine replaced the Brezhnev doctrine in 1985?

The Sinatra Doctrine

When was the dissolution of the USSR?

25 December 1991

Building of the Berlin Wall was a major \________ victory for the US as it showed that the USSR had to lock people in to stop them leaving.

Propaganda

When did the Cuban Revolution take place?

1959

One consequence of the Cuban Revolution of 1959 was that relations between Cuba and \_________ deteriorated; in jan 1961 they broke all diplomatic relations.

The USA

When did the Bay of Pigs invasion take place?

April 1961

One consequence of the Prague Spring of 1968 was that the \_________________ was formulated to reinforce the USSR's control of satellite states.

Brezhnev doctrine

Why did detente end in 1979?

USSR invaded Afghanistan

When was Trizonia created?

1948

At the start of his leadership, Khrushchev enforced the policies of \_______________ , which reversed Stalin's policies like stopping Cominform.

Destalinisation

When did the US olympics take place in LA?

1984

\____________________ involved policies of perestroika (reconstruction) and glasnost (openness)

Gorbachev's 'new thinking'

When was the Berlin Wall destroyed?

November 9, 1989

One consequence of the USSR's collapse was the gradual liberation of \______________ after the Warsaw Pact was dissolved 1991.

Satellite states

The \_______ \_______ stated that the USA would use force to repel any threat to American interest in the Persian Gulf (for oil)

Carter Doctrine

Which telegram from the USSR in 1946 increased international tensions?

The Novikov telegram

Who does dubcek take over from as leader of czechoslovakia?

Novotny

When do the soviets/Warsaw pact invade czechoslovakia?

20 august 1968