Studied by 4 peopleWhich conference DID NOT take place during the Second World War (in Europe)?
Potsdam
At which conference did the grand alliance agree to open a second front?
Tehran
Agree germany should be divided into four zones
Agree Europe is soviet sphere of influence
Disagree on how much germany should pay in reparations and polish borders
Which conference is this?
Yalta
Two consequences of ___________ were that germany (and separately berlin as well) was to be divided into four zones of occupation and that powers fall out
whereas stalin wants a weakened germany, the west want one thats strong and whereas stalin wants soviet power or control in Eastern Europe, Truman wants free elections.
The breakdown of trust during the Potsdam conference was caused by the USSR breaking rules of free elections in Eastern Europe and the US not telling Stalin about the...
Atomic bomb
The Potsdam conference was important because it showed that without a common enemy,_______________________ were unable to make decisions, get along, agree and were divided
The grand alliance
Stalin was convinced the west were anti soviet because they wanted a strong germany and to free Poland. This caused him to set up the 'satellite states', which acted as a ....
Buffer zone
Who won the Greek Civil War, causing no further westward spread of communism?
The royalists
The Truman doctrine emphasised a policy of...
Containment
When was cominform formed?
1947
When was Comecon formed?
1948
When was the Truman Doctrine announced?
March 1947
Stalin established satellite states 1945
47 which provoked Churchill's iron curtain speech and kennans' ____________________ that acted as warnings to Truman
One consequence of the Truman doctrine was the Marshall plan. By 1953, how much money had this provided Europe with?
17 Billion USD
Another consequence of the Truman doctrine was that the US was committed to Europe economically (Marshall v Comecon) , militarily and ______________ (Truman v Cominform)
Politically
The Cold War was made 'official' by what action that put the US at opposition with the USSR?
The Truman Doctrine
The Truman doctrine was important as it lead to the increased _________________ of Europe, through the decreased chance of breaking the iron curtain due to the soviet grip on satellite states (cominform and Comecon)
Polarisation
What does NATO stand for?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
When was NATO created?
April 1949
Bizonia was formed in January 1948 and was the merging of the US and _____ zones
UK
What as the new currency introduced into western sectors in 1948
Deutschmark
Stalin was fearful of the richer ___________ zones of berlin enticing easterners over, invasion and of spies
West
What was the currency stalin introduced to east germany in 1948?
Ostmark
When did stalin lift the blockade of West Berlin?
12 May 1949
When was the Warsaw Pact formed?
1955
When did stalin close access to West Berlin?
24 June 1949
How many flights made up the berlin airlift?
275 000
The planes in the berlin airlift arrived at __ second intervals
90
The _______________ set stage for future conflict over berlin
Berlin Crisis
The berlin crisis showed stalin the necessity of nuclear weapons as the US has them and now he his facing a group of military powered (NATO)
this accelerates the....
What is the official name of west germany?
Federal Republic of Germany
What is the official name of east germany?
German Democratic Republic
What does MAD mean?
Mutually Assured Destruction
Who won the space race?
United States
How many powers was he Warsaw Pact made up of?
8
The establishment of NATO and the splitting of germany into west and east was a consequence of what?
The Berlin Crisis
Western germany joined NATO in 1955, causing the creation of....
The Warsaw Pact
Little boy and fat man were...
Atomic bombs
Who was arrested and executed as consequence of the Hungarian uprising 1956?
Nagy
How many Hungarian rebels were killed during the Hungarian uprising?
20,000
After the uprising, Hungary stayed part of ______________________, signalling for to other countries not to try to leave.
The Warsaw Pact
The Hungarian uprising caused marches in the west in support for the rebels, and TV presenter Ed O'Sullivan raised ________________ by 1957 as aid.
6 million USD
The Hungarian Uprising showed the US's _______________ to get involved in Eastern Europe and soviet spheres of influence, making the USSR more confident and secure in their control.
Unwillingness
The US were willing to threaten with ____________________ in Berlin 1948/49, but now that the USSR developed one, they kept quiet.
The Atomic Bomb
Who demanded to leave the Warsaw Pact in 1956?
Hungary (Nagy)
Who was put in charge after Nagy was executed?
Kadar
The soviet invasion of Hungary was on the _________________________, the same day as the US election.
4 November 1956
Who became leader after Stalin died in 1956?
Khrushchev
The Hungarian uprising came to a ceasefire on___________________
10 November 1956
The Arms race was...
Self
Which president introduced SDI?
Reagan
What does SDI mean?
Strategic Defense Initiative
When did the USSR create an atom bomb?
1949
A consequence of ________________ was that crises became world threatening and more dangerous, increasing paranoia on both sides.
The Arms Race
The arms race played a part in the __________________ ___________________ of the USSR in the 1980s.
Economic collapse
When did the USA develop the hydrogen bomb?
1952
USSR
contribution to space race
USA
contribution to space race
________ _______ ___________ is the idea that a full
scale use of nuclear weapons by opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender.
Kennedy's '___ ___ ___ ________' speech in 1963 reaffirmed US commitment to Western Europe
Ich bin ein Berliner
From 1949
1961, about how many E. Germans fled to W. Germany through Berlin?
The famous checkpoint in the wall that almost came to conflict in 1961 was called checkpoint...
Charlie
When did Khrushchev issue his Berlin Ultimatum as a result of the refugee crisis?
1958
What was the pilot shot down in a U2 spy plane over the USSR in 1960 called?
Gary Powers
What day did the Berlin wall go up?
August 13, 1961
A 5 year freeze on the number of ICBMs and SLBMs was agreed at what conference?
Salt 1
When was the hotline set up?
1963
When was the Nuclear Non
Proliferation Treaty signed?
When was the Outer Space Treaty signed?
1968
When were the Helsinki Accords signed?
1975
Security, cooperation and human rights where the three _____________ at the Helsinki accords of 1975
Baskets
Which of the baskets of the Helsinki Accords was the Soviet Union most hesitant to comply with?
Human rights
What basket was the high hand shake a consequence of?
Cooperation
When were the Moscow Olympics?
1980
Who took power in Afghanistan in 1978 to impose communist reforms, but also persecute Muslims?
People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
Who did the CIA help to fund to fight a 'jihad' against communists?
The Mujahideen
When did Gorbachev become leader of the USSR?
1985
Which defence initiative did Reagan put in place which Gorbachev disagreed with?
SDI
Which doctrine replaced the Brezhnev doctrine in 1985?
The Sinatra Doctrine
When was the dissolution of the USSR?
25 December 1991
Building of the Berlin Wall was a major ________ victory for the US as it showed that the USSR had to lock people in to stop them leaving.
Propaganda
When did the Cuban Revolution take place?
1959
One consequence of the Cuban Revolution of 1959 was that relations between Cuba and _________ deteriorated; in jan 1961 they broke all diplomatic relations.
The USA
When did the Bay of Pigs invasion take place?
April 1961
One consequence of the Prague Spring of 1968 was that the _________________ was formulated to reinforce the USSR's control of satellite states.
Brezhnev doctrine
Why did detente end in 1979?
USSR invaded Afghanistan
When was Trizonia created?
1948
At the start of his leadership, Khrushchev enforced the policies of _______________ , which reversed Stalin's policies like stopping Cominform.
Destalinisation
When did the US olympics take place in LA?
1984
____________________ involved policies of perestroika (reconstruction) and glasnost (openness)
Gorbachev's 'new thinking'
When was the Berlin Wall destroyed?
November 9, 1989
One consequence of the USSR's collapse was the gradual liberation of ______________ after the Warsaw Pact was dissolved 1991.
Satellite states
The _______ _______ stated that the USA would use force to repel any threat to American interest in the Persian Gulf (for oil)
Carter Doctrine
Which telegram from the USSR in 1946 increased international tensions?
The Novikov telegram
Who does dubcek take over from as leader of czechoslovakia?
Novotny
When do the soviets/Warsaw pact invade czechoslovakia?
20 august 1968
Note
Flashcard