1/25
Flashcards covering main vocabulary from lecture notes on Microbial Metabolism.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
Metabolism
All of the chemical reactions in a living organism; provides energy and makes molecules needed for cellular processes.
Catabolism
Breaks down complex molecules, releases energy, and provides building blocks for anabolism.
Anabolism
Uses energy and building blocks to build complex molecules.
Metabolic Pathway
A series of chemical reactions that produce important molecules for the cell.
Catalyst
Speed up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to begin the reaction.
Enzyme
Often has a name ending in -ase, is a biological catalyst, is not used up during the reaction, has an active site, acts only on a specific substrate, breaks covalent bonds, and forms new covalent bonds.
Oxidoreductase
Oxidation-reduction reactions.
Transferase
Transfer functional groups.
Hydrolase
Hydrolysis.
Lyase
Removal of atoms without hydrolysis.
Isomerase
Rearrangement of atoms.
Ligase
Joining of molecules; uses ATP.
Apoenzyme
The enzyme protein (may be inactive when alone).
Cofactor
A non-protein component, such as Mg2+.
Coenzyme
An organic cofactor, such as coenzyme A (CoA) in the Krebs cycle.
Holoenzyme
Apoenzyme plus cofactor (whole, active enzyme).
Competitive inhibitors
Fill the active site of an enzyme and compete directly with the substrate.
Noncompetitive inhibitors
Bind to another part of the enzyme (allosteric site) instead of the active site; change the shape of the enzyme and the active site so the enzyme cannot bind the substrate
Ribozyme
An RNA molecule that functions as a catalyst.
Catabolism
Extracts energy from organic compounds and stores it in chemical form (ATP).
Anabolism
Uses energy.
Aerobic Respiration
Requires O2.
Anaerobic Respiration
Does not require O2; may require the absence of O2.
Fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation (produces acid) and alcohol fermentation (produces ethanol and CO2).
Glycolysis
Oxidizes a glucose molecule.
Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions
One molecule donates one or more electrons and is oxidized; another molecule accepts the electron(s) and is reduced.