Ch. 1 test stuff

The land bridge through which Native Americans may have crossed into North America.

Bering Strait

The first nation to find a sea route to the Far East by sailing around Africa.

Portugal

The first Europeans thought to set foot in the Americas.

Vikings

The English "Sea Dog" who raided Spanish ports in South America and circumnavigated the globe.

Sir Francis Drake

The primary purpose for founding Jamestown.

economic gain

The year the first Africans arrived in Jamestown.

1619

The sea voyage that brought slaves across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.

Middle Passage

The compass, the astrolabe, and the caravel are considered these.

technological advances of the Renaissance

The region where Native American cliff dwellings were built.

Southwest

The trade route closed by the Muslims in 1453, motivating Europeans to search for new routes.

Silk Road

This culture existed from 1000 BC to AD 200.

Adena Culture

This culture existed from AD 200 to AD 500.

Hopewell Culture

Indigenous people living during the Mississippian period from AD 1000 to AD 1540.

Mound Builders

Tribes that lived in the Great Plains, primarily hunting bison.

Sioux, Cheyenne, Blackfoot

These events led to European exploration as knights returned with spices and silk.

Crusades

A period that advanced technology and led to exploration including the compass and astrolabe.

Renaissance

A religious movement focusing on salvations through grace and the '5 Solas'.

Reformation

The first Europeans to reach North America, naming the new land Vinland.

Scandinavian Vikings

Includes Christopher Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci, and Hernán Cortés.

Spanish exploration key figures

The explorer who landed at the Cape of Good Hope in 1488.

Bartolomeu Dias

The explorer who landed in the New World in 1492.

Christopher Columbus

The explorer who reached India by sailing around Africa in 1498.

Vasco da Gama

His fleet was the first to sail around the world between 1519 and 1522.

Ferdinand Magellan

The first permanent English settlement in America, founded in 1607.

Jamestown

They arrived in the New World in 1620.

Pilgrims

The period when Puritans migrated to Massachusetts Bay between 1630 and 1640.

Great Migration

The three major West African empires, in chronological order.

Ghana, Mali, Songhai

The key figure of the Mali Empire and associated with Timbuktu.

Mansa Musa

A trade that resulted in millions of Africans being transported to the Americas.

transatlantic slave trade

Such actions during the Middle Passage were often uncommon.

Acts of rebellion by slaves

The process by which Europeans discovered new lands and brought diseases, clothes, and people.

Cultural Exchange

A key reason for European exploration associated with the Protestant Reformation.

Freedom of Religion

Improvements that enabled navigational exploration during the Renaissance.

technological advances