Studied by 2 people
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70-110 mg/dl
general normal blood glucose level
40-70 mg/dl
general normal CSF glucose level
60-75%
percentage of CSF glucose concentration in comparison to blood glucose concentration
approx. 2 hours
how long does it take to restore the CSF/blood glucose equilibrium
differential diagnosis of meningitis
significance of measurement of CSF glucose levels
screening/monitoring
urine glucose is usually only quantified for this purpose
qualitative
how are random specimens for urine glucose examined
>=30mg/dl
screening processes of urine glucose should be able to detect at least how much glucose
venous serum/plasma
standard clinical specimen for glucose quantitation
within 1 hour
how long should the separation of blood cells from the liquid portion be performed
morning
glucose levels are higher at what time
afternoon
glucose levels are lower at what time
RBCs have enzymes that metabolize glucose
why should RBCs be separated from plasma/serum when quantifying glucose
16 hours
fasting for glucose determination should not go beyond
serum
PLASMA/SERUM: glucose is more stable at room temperature
7 mg/dl/hr
at RT, unprocessed glucose samples are metabolized at what rate
2 mg/dl/hr
at 4C, unprocessed glucose samples are metabolized at what rate
gold top tube
red top tube w/ serum separator
these tubes are used to minimize the loss of glucose in serum samples
5 times
how many times is the gold top tube inverted
5 minutes
how long does it take for blood to clot in gold top tubes
gray top tube
what tube is used to preserve glucose in plasma specimens
sodium fluoride
what is the additive in gray top tubes that acts as both an anticoagulant and a preservative
90 minutes
duration of acceptable delay in examination when using gray top tubes in cases without bacterial contamination/leukocytosis
fluoride/iodoacetate
inhibit the glycolytic process and prevent most glucose consumption by erythrocytes
48 hours
how long does serum/plasma glucose remain stable when refrigerated
postprandial specimens
capillary blood glucose is increased in this type of specimen when compared to fasting venous samples
0.055
factor used to convert mg% to mmol/L
creatine
creatinine
uric acid
glutathione
ergothioneine
reducing substances which react like glucose
saifer-gerstenfield
polarographic
dextostix
glucose oxidase methods
SPM assay
electric current assay
glucose dehydrogenase methods
condensation with:
aromatic amines - o-toluidine
phenols -anthrone
condensation methods
false high
ALKALINE COPPER REDUCTION METHODS FALSE HIGH/LOW:
blood taken after meals
false high
ALKALINE COPPER REDUCTION METHODS FALSE HIGH/LOW:
not clear pff
false high
ALKALINE COPPER REDUCTION METHODS FALSE HIGH/LOW:
delayed filtrate preparation of sample
false low
ALKALINE COPPER REDUCTION METHODS FALSE HIGH/LOW:
boiling is done at a lesser period of time
false low
ALKALINE COPPER REDUCTION METHODS FALSE HIGH/LOW:
exposure of the solution to air during the heating process
causes oxidation and reverses the reaction
effect of air to reduction methods
80-120 mg/dl
normal value for folin wu method
420 nm
analytical wavelength in the folin wu method
sulfuric acid
10% sodium tungstate
reagents used to prepare the PFF in folin wu method
chocolate brown
color or precipitate in the making of PFF in the folin wu method
alkaline copper tartrate
reactant added in the folin wu method
nelson somogyi (10 minutes)
folin wu (6 minutes)
which method spends more time heating the specimen in a water bath
nelson somogyi (2 minutes)
folin wu (3 minutess)
which method spends less time cooling the specimen in a cold water bath
100 mg%
glucose concentration of the standards used in the folin wu and nelson somogyi methods
phosphomolybdic acid
chromogen used in folin wu method
phosphomolybdenum blue
end product measured in the folin wu method
its bottom is constricted to prevent the oxidation of the sample
what is the purpose of using folin wu tubes over normal test tubes in the folin wu method
false high
FALSE HIGH/FALSE LOW: extension of the boiling process in the folin wu method
TRUE
TRUE/FALSE: the intensity of the color of phosphomolybdenum blue is proportional to the concentration of reducing substances
FALSE
TRUE/FALSE: the intensity of the color of phosphomolybdic acid is proportional to the concentration of reducing substances
TRUE
TRUE/FALSE: the intensity of the color of arsenomolybdenum blue is proportional to the concentration of reducing substances
nelson somogyi
the most accurate redox method
saccharoid free PFF
why is nelson somogyi considered the most accurate redox method
barium sulfate
in the preparation of PFF in nelson somogyi, this acts as an adsorbent to which saccharoids adhere
65-95 mg/dl
normal value for serum glucose in nelson somogyi method
50-70 mg/dl
normal value for CSF in nelson somogyi method
whole blood
sample used for folin wu method
whole blood
sample used for nelson somogyi method
barium hydroxide
zinc sulfide
reagents used in the preparation of PFF in nelson somogyi
avocado color
color of the precipitate produced in the preparation of PFF for nelson somogyi
arsenomolybdate
chromogen used for nelson somogyi
arsenomolybdenum blue
end product measured in nelson somogyi
bisulfite copper
benedicts method modifies folin wu method by replacing alkaline copper tartrate with
citrate
stabilizer in benedict's reagent
tartrate
stabilizer in fehling's reagent
hagedorn-jensen method
alkaline-ferric reduction methods
630 nm
analytical wavelength in o-toluidine method
490 nm
analytical wavelength in nelson somogyi method
glacial acetic acid - induce enolization of glucose
what is the acid used in o-toluidine method and what is its purpose
green
color of the end product in o-toluidine method
o-toluidine method
the most specific non-enzymatic method
o-toluidine
condenses with the aldehyde group of aldohexoses
icteric serum - false high
galactose load - false high
galactosemia - false high
mannose - false high
sources of error in o-toluidine method
hemolyzed sample
this type of sample causes a false low because of its interference with glucose and NADPH accumulation
gluconic acid
hydrogen peroxide
formed when glucose reacts with glucose oxidase
oxygen acceptors - o-toluidine/ o-dianizidine
what is made to react with hydrogen peroxide in order to form a blue color when catalyzed by peroxidase
FALSE: it is an indirect method
TRUE/FALSE: saifer-gerstenfield is a direct method since it measures true glucose, not reducing compounds
peroxidase
indicator enzyme in saifer-gerstenfield
glucose oxidase
most specific enzyme
B-D-glucose
type of glucose that glucose oxidase reacts to
mutarotase
facilitates the conversion of a-D-glucose to B-D-glucose
trinder reaction
reaction used in the saifer-gerstenfield method
3-methyl-2bentizolinone
hydrazone
N,N-dimethylaniline
chromogens used in the trinder reaction
TRUE
TRUE/FALSE: the rate of increase in absorbance is directly proportional to the glucose concentration in saifer-gerstenfield
uric acid, ascorbic acid, bilirubin, glutathione
causes interference in saifer-gerstenfield by inhibiting the reaction by competing with peroxidase
false low
SAIFER GERSTENFIELD FALSE HIGH/LOW: uric acid
false low
SAIFER GERSTENFIELD FALSE HIGH/LOW: ascorbic acid
false low
SAIFER GERSTENFIELD FALSE HIGH/LOW: bilirubin
false low
SAIFER GERSTENFIELD FALSE HIGH/LOW: glutathione
false high
SAIFER GERSTENFIELD FALSE HIGH/LOW: strong oxidizing substances
polarographic oxygen electrode
results in the polarographic method are measured using what
FALSE: interferences with peroxidase are eliminated in polarographic method
TRUE/FALSE: polarographic method has the same interferences with saifer gerstenfield method
FALSE: the rate of disappearance of oxygen is directly proportional to glucose
TRUE/FALSE: the rate of increase in oxygen is directly proportional to glucose in the polarographic method
FALSE: it is a direct method
TRUE/FALSE: polarographic method is an indirect method since it utilizes two enzyme reactions
peroxide
what should be eliminated in the polarographic method to stop the reaction from reversing
molybdate
catalyzes the oxidation of iodide to iodine by peroxide
catalase
catalyzes the oxidation of ethanol by peroxide
acetaldehyde and water
what is formed from the oxidation of ethanol by peroxide
dextrostrix
reagent strip method for glucose
Note 
Flashcard (36)