Pharm Quiz 1

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics

determines how a drug moves through the body, how the body acts on a drug

Pharmacodynamics

how a drug acts on the body

Absorption

movement of drugs from the site of administration to the blood stream

Distribution

movement of drugs from throughout tissues, from the bloodstream to the cells and back again. Transportation of medication to sites of action

Factors influencing distribution

circulation/perfusion (heart, lung, brain, kidneys get the most), permeability of cell membrane, and plasma protein binding

Metabolism

changes medication into less active or inactive forms

Where does metabolism occur

liver, kidneys, lungs, intestines, and blood

Outcomes of metabolism

renal excretion, inactivation, increased therapeutic effect, decreased toxicity, and increased toxicity

Excretion

elimination of medications from the body, primarily through the kidneys

First pass effect

when a med passes through the liver and starts to break down before it reaches the desired site

Therapeutic index

drug levels that provide adequate action but minimal adverse effects

Half life

how long it takes half of the drug to be reduced

When do we take trough levels?

right before the next dose

When do we take peak levels?

30 - 60 minutes after the dose is given

Chemical drug name

precise drug description of the chemical structure of the drug

Generic drug name

selected by the original manufacturer, gives some information about the chemical makeup of the drug, no restrictions on use, not capitalized

Brand/trade name of a drug

used by companies to emphasize that the drug oriented from its lab, use of nake is restricted, capitalize, name may evoke how drug works

OTC vs Prescription

Over the counter medications are medications that you do not need a prescription for and can buy at a local pharmacy or store. Prescription medications have to have a doctors order to be filled and given out to a patient.

Fastest route of medication administration

intravenous

Adverse reaction

a severe reaction to a medication that normally does not happen (MI, stroke, anaphylactic shock,)

Side effect

a normal reaction that may happen while taking a medication (headache, nausea, fatigue)

Factors affecting absorption

solubility of the drug, route of administration, and degree of blood flow through the tissue where the med is found