Marple Vocab Module 3

ere(Shakespeare)

before

dost/doth(Shakespeare)

do/does

thou/thee(Shakespeare)

you

whither(Shakespeare)

to where

hast(Shakespeare)

have

shrew(Shakespeare)

a bad-tempered woman

iambic pentameter

each unstressed syllable is followed by a stressed syllable for a total of 5 units in each line.

blank verse(shakespeare)

unrhymed iambic pentameter

couplet

Two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme.

End-stopped line

has punctuation at its end

Run-on line

no punctuation at the end, to be read continuously

Shakespearean sonnet

14 lines written in iambic pentameter, with a rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef gg.

Compulsion

Noun-using force to cause something to occur

Implicit

Adj-implied though not directly expressed; inherent in the nature of something

reaffirmation

noun-renewed affirmation

resilience

noun-the physical property of a material that can return to its original shape or position after deformation that does not exceed its elastic limit

orthodoxy

noun-the quality of being orthodox (especially in religion)

sanctity

noun-the quality of being holy

dogma

noun-a doctrine or code of beliefs accepted as authoritative

dissenter

noun-a person who objects to some established policy

orchestra

rounded stage on which chorus and actors perform

ode

a lyric poem, usually praising someone or something

Lyric poem

a short poem of songlike quality

Choral ode

ode sung by the chorus in classical Greek drama

Strophe

First choral ode, chorus turns east to west

Antistrophe

Answering choral ode, chorus turns west to east

Aside

Words spoken in an undertone not intended to be heard by all characters

Chorus

They sang, chanted an entrance song, engage in dialogue with the characters through the leader, sing and dance choral songs, commented on characters/events of the play

Choragus

Leader of a chorus

Exodus

When the chorus exits at the end of the play. They sing a processional song which offers words of wisdom related to the actions and outcome of the play

Parados

The song sung by the chorus as it first enters the orchestra and dances

Theatron

Where the spectators sat. Normally on a hillside, and wrapped around the orchestra

Allusion

A reference to a famous piece of art, literature, or something in your own life

Mythological allusion

When a piece of art, literature, or music hints at a piece of mythology

Dramatic irony

When the audience knows something that the characters do not

Paean

A song of praise or triumph

Tragedy

Dictionary definition AND Aristotle's

Tragic hero

Dictionary definition AND Aristotle's

Catharsis / cathartic

The purging of unwanted emotions

Oedipus Complex

Polytheists / polytheistic

Believing in multiple gods

Fate

Events beyond a person's control; destiny

Free will

The power of acting without fate; independence; freedom

Skene

Small building used as changing rooms

Hamartia

Missing the mark or fatal flaw

Oxymoron

A phrase that combines two opposite or contradictory words, like "deafening silence" or "bittersweet." It creates tension or paradox for dramatic or comic effect.

Pun

A play on words that uses a single word or phrase with two different meanings, or two similar-sounding words, for humor or cleverness.

Simile

A comparison between two unlike things using "like" or "as," such as "Her smile was like sunshine." It makes descriptions more vivid.

Metaphor

A direct comparison between two unlike things without using "like" or "as," saying one thing is another. Example: "Time is a thief." It conveys meaning in a compact, powerful way.

Personification

Giving human qualities to non-human things, like "The wind whispered through the trees." It makes inanimate objects or ideas feel more alive and relatable.

Onomatopoeia

A word that imitates a sound, such as "buzz," "crash," or "hiss." It adds sensory detail and makes scenes feel more immediate.

Soliloquy

A long speech by a single character on stage, usually alone, in which they speak their inner thoughts aloud.

Monologue

A long speech by one character addressed either to other characters or to the audience; unlike a soliloquy, others are usually present and may respond.

Foil

A character who contrasts with another (often the main character) to highlight that character's traits. For instance, a cautious, quiet character can be a foil to a reckless, loud protagonist.

Foreshadowing

Clues or hints about events that will happen later in the story. It builds anticipation and makes later plot twists feel more connected.

Alliteration

Repetition of the same starting consonant sound in nearby words, like "Peter Piper picked a peck." It creates rhythm, emphasis, and musicality.

End rhyme

Words at the ends of lines that rhyme, such as "cat" and "hat" at the close of successive lines. It is a common pattern in structured poetry.

Internal rhyme

Rhyme that occurs within a single line of verse, not just at the ends. Example: "Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary." It reinforces rhythm and musicality.

Hyperbole

Intentional, obvious exaggeration for emphasis or humor, like "I've told you a million times." It stresses strong feelings or situations.

Idiom

A fixed phrase whose meaning is not the literal meaning of its words, such as "kick the bucket" (meaning "to die"). Idioms add cultural flavor and conciseness to speech.

Equity

Giving people what they need to be fair, even if that means different treatment. For example, giving extra tutoring to a struggling student to reach the same success level as others. It addresses historical or systemic barriers.

Equality

Treating everyone the same way, regardless of background or need. For example, giving every student the exact same textbook, even if some need translations or extra support. It focuses on sameness of treatment.

Taliban

A fundamentalist Islamic militia; in 1995 the Taliban militia took over Afghanistan and in 1996 took Kabul and set up an Islamic government.

Sufi

(a Muslim mystic)

Tajik

A landlocked mountainous republic in southeast central Asia to the north of Afghanistan; formerly an Asian soviet.

Daal

(Afghan stew)

Harami

(illegitimate child)

Nuristanis

An Indo-Iranian ethnic group native to the Nuristan Province of northeastern Afghanistan and Chitral District of northwestern Pakistan.

Bazaar

(market)

Sunni

A member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad.

Gari

(horse-drawn cart)

Socialist

Advocating or following the socialist principles.

Mosque

(Islam) a Muslim place of worship that usually has a minaret.

Hijab

(a head scarf)

Pashtun

Pashtuns are an Iranian ethnic group primarily residing in southern and eastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan.

Mullah

(Islamic spiritual leader)

Uzbek

A landlocked republic in west central Asia; formerly an Asian soviet.

Burqa

(long garment covering the whole body)

Haram

(forbidden)

Koran

The sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina.

Jo

(dear)

Turkmen

Of or relating to or characteristic of Turkmenistan or its people or culture.

Tandoor

(clay oven)

Hazara

The Hazara are a distinct ethnic and religious minority group primarily inhabiting the central mountainous region of Afghanistan known as Hazarajat, with significant populations also in Pakistan and Iran.

Kolba

(mud shack)

(Prefix)anti-

against

(Prefix)auto-

self

(Prefix)ben-

good

(Prefix)bio-

life

(Prefix)de-

opposite

(Prefix)dis-

not OR opposite

(Prefix)fore-

before

(Prefix)in/im, un, and non-

not

(Prefix)inter-

between

(Prefix)mal-

bad

(Prefix)micro-

small

(Prefix)under and sub-

under

(Prefix)mis-

wrongly

(Prefix)over-

over

(Prefix)pre-

before