LESSON 1 QUIZ
The experimental group is:
Choice 1 of 5:Blood plasma prolactin (nmol/L)
Choice 2 of 5:0 hour
Choice 3 of 5:Without Exercise
Choice 4 of 5:1 hour
Choice 5 of 5:With Exercise
Choice 5 of 5:With Exercise
The dependent variable is:
Choice 1 of 5:0 hour
Choice 2 of 5:Without exercise
Choice 3 of 5:With Exercise
Choice 4 of 5:Blood plasma prolactin (nmol/L)
Choice 5 of 5:1 hour
Choice 4 of 5:Blood plasma prolactin (nmol/L)
Which of the following is the more likely hypothesis the scientists began this study with?
Choice 1 of 2:Exercising can cause prolactin levels to decrease.
Choice 2 of 2:People with high levels of prolactin can exercise longer than people without elevated prolactin levels.
Choice 1 of 2:Exercising can cause prolactin levels to decrease.
How many mutant alleles of p53 are needed to have a mutant phenotype?
Choice 1 of 2:one
Choice 2 of 2:two
Choice 2 of 2:two
A scatterplot is a good tool for being able to see:
Choice 1 of 3:individual quantitative outliers
Choice 2 of 3:a large amount of categorical data
Choice 3 of 3:averages of many individual points
CHECK
LESSON 2 QUIZ
Below is a DNA template strand:
3’ TAC CGA TGT GCC CCA ATT 5’
What is the amino acid sequence that would be produced in the protein?
Met - Ala - Thr - Arg - Gly
If a newly synthesized protein is found in the golgi apparatus, where might it normally be found later?
Choice 1 of 4:Mitochondrion
Choice 2 of 4:Nucleus
Choice 3 of 4:Cytosol (liquid of cytoplasm)
Choice 4 of 4:On the outside of cell attached to plasma membrane
Choice 4 of 4:On the outside of cell attached to plasma membrane
The genetic therapy called CRISPR would affect which molecule directly?
Choice 1 of 3:mRNA
Choice 2 of 3:protein
Choice 3 of 3:DNA
Choice 3 of 3:DNA
A gene coding for a nuclear protein has a mutation. Specifically, the DNA sequence for the nuclear localization signal is missing. Choose the best answer below about the most likely consequence of this change.
Choice 1 of 4:There will be no consequence since this signal is spliced out of the mRNA in the nucleus.
Choice 2 of 4:The ribosome will not be able to translate the mRNA, so no protein will be made.
Choice 3 of 4:The mRNA will not leave the nucleus for translation and no protein will be made.
Choice 4 of 4:The synthesized protein will remain in the cytoplasm until the cell recycles it.
Choice 4 of 4:The synthesized protein will remain in the cytoplasm until the cell recycles it.
Which would be a way to “turn on” expression of the gamma (fetal) hemoglobin in adults to treat sickle cell disease?
Choice 1 of 4:Add a “gene switch” to increase expression from the beta hemoglobin gene
Choice 2 of 4:Increase expression of BCL11A mRNA
Choice 3 of 4:Destroy BCL11A mRNA
Choice 4 of 4:Correct a mutation in the beta hemoglobin gene
Choice 3 of 4:Destroy BCL11A mRNA
LESSON 3 QUIZ
Select all the characteristics that describe Werner’s syndrome. You must mark all correct answers and no incorrect answers - no partial credit.
Choice 1 of 6:X-linked recessive
Choice 2 of 6:Autosomal recessive
Choice 3 of 6:Main phenotype is premature aging affecting many tissues and organs
Choice 4 of 6:Autosomal dominant
Choice 5 of 6:Main phenotype is muscle weakness and wasting in all muscle types
Choice 6 of 6:Pleiotropic
choice 2, 3, 6
To detect where WRN protein is located in a tissue, which would you need to use in your molecular technique?
Choice 1 of 3:Primary and secondary antibodies
Choice 2 of 3:Both of the above
Choice 3 of 3:A specific DNA primer
Choice 1 of 3:Primary and secondary antibodies
Considering the disease allele is very rare in the population (assume people "marrying in" are not carriers), this trait is most likely:
Choice 1 of 2:recessive
Choice 2 of 2:dominant
Choice 2 of 2:dominant
A male with an X-linked recessive disorder has many children with a female that does not have this disorder in her family (so she is not a carrier). The expected outcome would be:
Choice 1 of 5:Half the daughters will have the disorder
Choice 2 of 5:None of their children will have the disorder
Choice 3 of 5:All the sons will have the disorder and none of the daughters
Choice 4 of 5:All the daughters will have the disorder
Choice 5 of 5:Unable to predict given only this information
Choice 2 of 5:None of their children will have the disorder
A wildtype allele and a mutant allele differ by a few nucleotides in the gene sequence for an important protein in neuron metabolism. In an individual who is a heterozygote, both the mutant and the wildtype proteins are synthesized in neurons. At the organismal level, the mutant allele is:
Choice 1 of 3:dominant
Choice 2 of 3:recessive
Choice 3 of 3:we cannot know from this information
Choice 3 of 3:we cannot know from this information
LESSON 4 QUIZ
Gene abc is expressed ("on") in a heart cell. Gene abc is not expressed ("off") in a liver cell. This is because
Choice 1 of 4:Gene abc is present in heart cells but not in liver cells
Choice 2 of 4:The activators for gene abc are present in heart cells but not liver cells
Choice 3 of 4:Both the enhancers and the activators for gene abc are present in heart cells but not liver cells
Choice 4 of 4:The enhancers for gene abc are present in heart cells but not liver cells
Choice 2 of 4:The activators for gene abc are present in heart cells but not liver cells
Fill in the blanks about transcription. For Gene 1, the ___ strand is the template strand and for Gene 2, the ____ strand is the non-template strand.
Choice 1 of 4:bottom, bottom
Choice 2 of 4:top, top
Choice 3 of 4:bottom, top
Choice 4 of 4:top, bottom
Choice 2 of 4:top, top
Would the promoter for Gene 2 be on the left or right of the green coding region?
Choice 1 of 3:Left
Choice 2 of 3:Right
Choice 3 of 3:Unable to determine using the information given
Choice 2 of 3:Right
Which of these is most likely to lead to a longer protein compared to the wild type protein?
Choice 1 of 4:A mutation in the transcription termination sequence
Choice 2 of 4:A silent mutation in exon 4
Choice 3 of 4:None of the options would result in a longer protein.
Choice 4 of 4:A nonsense mutation in the first exon
Choice 3 of 4:None of the options would result in a longer protein.
The top sequence is a wildtype template sequence. The single nucleotide mutation depicted in the bottom sequence will be what kind of mutation at the protein level?
WT: 3’ TAC TTT TCG CTC GGG 5’
MUTANT: 3’ TAC TTT TCG ATC GGG 5’
Choice 1 of 3:nonsense
Choice 2 of 3:missense
Choice 3 of 3:silent
Choice 1 of 3:nonsense
LESSON 5 QUIZ
Select all that would be true if I had a missense mutation in an gene:
Choice 1 of 4:The missense mutant allele would be the same size as wildtype by PCR-electrophoresis
Choice 2 of 4:The missense mutant allele would be a different size compared to wildtype by PCR-electrophoresis
Choice 3 of 4:The missense mutant protein would be a different size by Western compared to the wildtype protein
Choice 4 of 4:The missense mutant protein would be the same size by Western as the wildtype protein
choice 1, 4
Which of the following techniques shown examines RNA?
Choice 1 of 4:PCR and RT-PCR
Choice 2 of 4:RT-PCR
Choice 3 of 4:Western
Choice 4 of 4:PCR
Choice 2 of 4:RT-PCR
The image above shows that the individual with Werner syndrome (WRN) is:
Choice 1 of 2:Homozygous
Choice 2 of 2:Heterozygous
Choice 1 of 2:Homozygous
The individual with Werner syndrome:
Choice 1 of 3:Makes a protein that is longer than wildtype
Choice 2 of 3:Doesn’t make a protein
Choice 3 of 3:Makes a protein that is shorter than wildtype
Choice 3 of 3:Makes a protein that is shorter than wildtype
Select all that would be true if I had a nonsense mutation in an exon of a gene:
Choice 1 of 4:The nonsense mutant protein would be a different size by Western compared to the wildtype protein
Choice 2 of 4:The nonsense mutant allele would be the same size as wildtype by PCR-electrophoresis
Choice 3 of 4:The nonsense mutant protein would be the same size by Western as the wildtype protein
Choice 4 of 4:The nonsense mutant allele would be a different size compared to wildtype by PCR-electrophoresis
choice 1, 2
LESSON 7 QUIZ
Heat disrupts hydrogen bonds. What would be the consequence of heating DNA?
Choice 1 of 3:the double stranded DNA would become single stranded
Choice 2 of 3:The nucleotides would separate from each other leading to a pool of free nucleotides
Choice 3 of 3:the nitrogenous bases would separate from the DNA backbone leaving free nitrogenous bases in solution
Choice 1 of 3:the double stranded DNA would become single stranded
Which of the following newly-synthesized DNA strands would at some point contain RNA? Choose all that apply.
Choice 1 of 4:the green strand on the bottom left
Choice 2 of 4:the blue strand on the top right
Choice 3 of 4:the purple strand on the top left
Choice 4 of 4:the brown strand on the bottom right
all of the above
Which statement is true about the nitrogenous base composition of double stranded DNA?
Choice 1 of 3:the percentage of A+T = the percentage of G+C
Choice 2 of 3:the percentage of A+G = the percentage of T+C
Choice 3 of 3:both of the above statements are true
Choice 2 of 3:the percentage of A+G = the percentage of T+C
The arrow on the bottom left is pointing to a region of DNA that is being replicated:
Choice 1 of 2:discontinuously
Choice 2 of 2:continuously
Choice 2 of 2:continuously
You are designing a drug to block DNA polymerization (the reaction catalyzed by DNA polymerase). You want to design a synthetic nucleotide that acts as a “blocker” of the growing chain. Based on what we learned in class, you should focus on altering what is attached to which carbon?
Choice 1 of 5:1’
Choice 2 of 5:3’
Choice 3 of 5:4’
Choice 4 of 5:5’
Choice 5 of 5:2’
Choice 2 of 5:3’
LESSON 8 QUIZ
Below is a sequence of one strand of DNA. The bold portion is a region you want to amplify.
5' TTGGCCGTCGGCTGCCTTCTCCTAGGAG 3'
Which could you use as one of the primers to amplify this region? Be sure to pay attention to 5' and 3' directionality.
Choice 1 of 4:5’ GAGGA 3'
Choice 2 of 4:none of these
Choice 3 of 4:5’ GGCCAA 3'
Choice 4 of 4:5’ AACCGG 3'
Choice 2 of 4:none of these
In which cells would you NOT expect to find telomerase activity?
Choice 1 of 4:stem cells from an early mouse embryo
Choice 2 of 4:breast cancer cells in culture at UNC hospitals
Choice 3 of 4:skin cells from a 75 year old woman
Choice 4 of 4:germ cells in the testes of a blue whale
Choice 3 of 4:skin cells from a 75 year old woman
You are a geneticist working at SpaceX and you are asked to engineer mice that have a human beta hemoglobin gene. To test which mice have incorporated the gene, you design primers specific to the human beta hemoglobin gene. In addition to the mouse samples of DNA you test, you have a sample of only water and a sample of DNA from a mouse that you did not genetically alter in any way. What, if anything, is a problem with this design?
Choice 1 of 3:You are missing a negative control to be able to see contamination and false positives
Choice 2 of 3:You are missing a positive control to detect if the PCR reaction is working.
Choice 3 of 3:Nothing, the design looks great and you should have a set of mice to your boss in no time.
Choice 2 of 3:You are missing a positive control to detect if the PCR reaction is working.
In both PCR and in vivo replication:
Choice 1 of 6:more than one of the above is true
Choice 2 of 6:polymerase adds to the 3’ end of a growing strand of DNA
Choice 3 of 6:helicases are necessary
Choice 4 of 6:heat is used to separate the two strands
Choice 5 of 6:both a leading and lagging strand exist
Choice 6 of 6:none of the above are true
Choice 2 of 6:polymerase adds to the 3’ end of a growing strand of DNA
One major difference between in vitro replication and in vivo replication is that in vitro replication only involves the transcription of a short fragment of DNA, whereas in vivo replication involves transcription of the entire genome.
Choice 1 of 2:False
Choice 2 of 2:True
Choice 1 of 2:False
LESSON 9 QUIZ
If a cell in G1 has 2X content, what would it have at G2? At anaphase?
Choice 1 of 3:4x; 1X
Choice 2 of 3:2X; 2X
Choice 3 of 3:4X; 4X
Choice 3 of 3:4X; 4X
With regards to an inhibitory pathway, you would predict that a cell would divide when:
Choice 1 of 2:a signal is present
Choice 2 of 2:a signal is removed
Choice 2 of 2:a signal is removed
What would be the consequence of a homozygous loss of function of p21 in a cell?
Choice 1 of 2:cells progress through cell cycle when they should not
Choice 2 of 2:cells are permanently inhibited from moving through the cell cycle
Choice 1 of 2:cells progress through cell cycle when they should not
See the parent cell above. One daughter cell ends up with 6 chromosomes but the other daughter cell ends up with 5 chromosomes. What was probably not functioning probably based on these results?
Choice 1 of 3:The M checkpoint was faulty
Choice 2 of 3:Cytokinesis did not occur correctly
Choice 3 of 3:The cell did not go through S phase
Choice 1 of 3:The M checkpoint was faulty
By using flow cytometry and propidium iodide, we can distinguish cells in different stages of the cell cycle based on
Choice 1 of 5:the density/amount of DNA
Choice 2 of 5:how big a cell is
Choice 3 of 5:the rise and fall of certain of cyclins being expressed on the cell surface
Choice 4 of 5:the presence of CDKs on the plasma membrane
Choice 5 of 5:whether a spindle fiber is formed or not
Choice 1 of 5:the density/amount of DNA
LESSON 10 QUIZ
You are interested in studying a heterotrimeric G protein. You decide to focus on the alpha subunit of this G protein (written as G alpha in the diagram), since you know that activation of the alpha subunit of this G protein enhances the rate of cell division. Which of the following conclusions you can make based on the data shown? One or more answers may be correct, so choose all that apply.
Choice 1 of 5:The skin and kidney cells are dividing faster than the colon and blood cells are dividing
Choice 2 of 5:The G protein alpha subunit gene is being (or has been) transcribed in skin cells
Choice 3 of 5:There is an early nonsense mutation in the G protein alpha subunit gene in colon and blood cells.
Choice 4 of 5:The promoter sequence for the G protein alpha subunit gene is different in the colon and blood cells than it is in the skin and kidney cells
Choice 5 of 5:Skin and kidney cells are actively proliferating
Choice 2 of 5:The G protein alpha subunit gene is being (or has been) transcribed in skin cells
The data shown above prove that the blood and colon cells will be unable to proliferate at all.
Choice 1 of 2:True
Choice 2 of 2:False
Choice 2 of 2:False
Which type of mutation would lead to excess cell proliferation?
Choice 1 of 4:Neither options are correct
Choice 2 of 4:A loss of function mutation of Ras
Choice 3 of 4:A gain of function mutation of p53
Choice 4 of 4:Both options are correct
Choice 1 of 4:Neither options are correct
Which of the following hormones would have a cell surface, plasma membrane-associated receptor?
Choice 1 of 3:Insulin, a peptide (protein) hormone that is soluble in blood
Choice 2 of 3:Estrogen, a non-polar hormone derived from cholesterol
Choice 3 of 3:Sodium ions that are polar and soluble in water
choice 1, 3
Edit: This should have said which of the following, not which of the following hormones. Question dropped - credit for all.
Based on what you see in this image and what we've learned in the course, which of the following are true? One or more may be correct, so choose all that apply.
Choice 1 of 6:An example of contact-dependent signaling is depicted here
Choice 2 of 6:All three of these cell types contain the gene for the IL-2 receptor
Choice 3 of 6:An example of autocrine signaling is depicted here
Choice 4 of 6:An example of endocrine signaling is depicted here
Choice 5 of 6:All three of these cells types contain the gene for IL-2
Choice 6 of 6:An example of paracrine signaling is depicted here
choice 2, 3, 6
LESSON 11 QUIZ
You inhibit the activity of MEK1/2, a MAPKK, in a cell that is exposed to a growth factor. What other signaling molecule(s) will be inhibited/not activated? One or more may be correct, so select all that apply:
Choice 1 of 4:RSK
Choice 2 of 4:Ras
Choice 3 of 4:Raf
Choice 4 of 4:ERK1/2 (MAPK)
choice 1, 4
The following four questions refer to the Western blot below that investigated how a chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate (Mx) impacts the activation of the ERK1/2 and apoptosis pathways in HeLa cells (malignant cervical cancer cells). Cells were either serum starved (no serum) or grown in serum containing media with or without PD184352 (PD; ERK1/2 inhibitor) or Mx.
In what cells is the ERK1/2 pathway activated? One or more may be correct, so select all that apply:
Choice 1 of 4:No serum
Choice 2 of 4:Serum + Mx
Choice 3 of 4:Serum only
Choice 4 of 4:Serum + PD
Choice 3 of 4:Serum only
The following four questions refer to the Western blot below that investigated how a chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate (Mx) impacts the activation of the ERK1/2 and apoptosis pathways in HeLa cells (malignant cervical cancer cells). Cells were either serum starved (no serum) or grown in serum containing media with or without PD184352 (PD; ERK1/2 inhibitor) or Mx.
Based on what we saw in class, if you had run a western blot to detect CREB, in which of the lanes would you have expected to see a thick/intense band? One or more may be correct, so select all that apply:
Choice 1 of 4:Serum only
Choice 2 of 4:Serum + PD
Choice 3 of 4:Serum + Mx
Choice 4 of 4:No serum
all of the above
The following four questions refer to the Western blot below that investigated how a chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate (Mx) impacts the activation of the ERK1/2 and apoptosis pathways in HeLa cells (malignant cervical cancer cells). Cells were either serum starved (no serum) or grown in serum containing media with or without PD184352 (PD; ERK1/2 inhibitor) or Mx.
Based on what we saw in class, if you had run a western blot to detect Cyclin D1, in which of the lanes would you have expected to see a thick/intense band? One or more may be correct, so select all that apply:
Choice 1 of 4:No serum
Choice 2 of 4:Serum + Mx
Choice 3 of 4:Serum + PD
Choice 4 of 4:Serum only
Choice 4 of 4:Serum only
The following four questions refer to the Western blot below that investigated how a chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate (Mx) impacts the activation of the ERK1/2 and apoptosis pathways in HeLa cells (malignant cervical cancer cells). Cells were either serum starved (no serum) or grown in serum containing media with or without PD184352 (PD; ERK1/2 inhibitor) or Mx.
What was the purpose of GAPDH in this experiment?
Choice 1 of 4:GAPDH is phosphorylated by ERK1/2
Choice 2 of 4:Neither option is correct.
Choice 3 of 4:Both options are correct
Choice 4 of 4:GAPDH is degraded during apoptosis
Choice 2 of 4:Neither option is correct.
LESSON 12 QUIZ
Which of the following are true of BOTH stem cells and cancer cells, according to what we learned in class? One or more answers may be correct, so select all that apply.
Choice 1 of 4:Undergo mitosis
Choice 2 of 4:Immortality
Choice 3 of 4:Ability to migrate
Choice 4 of 4:Abnormal number of chromosomes
choice 1, 2, 3
Consider a neutrophil and neuron (distinct cell types) from the same individual. What will be the exact same about these cells?
Choice 1 of 5:None of the options are correct
Choice 2 of 5:The promoter sequence for the insulin gene
Choice 3 of 5:The proteins they express
Choice 4 of 5:More than one of the options are correct
Choice 5 of 5:The transcription factors they express
Choice 2 of 5:The promoter sequence for the insulin gene
Which of the following processes take place during the embryonic development of a multi-cellular organism, based on what we learned in class? One or more answers may be correct, so select all that apply.
Choice 1 of 5:Activation of signal transduction cascades
Choice 2 of 5:Cell migration
Choice 3 of 5:Changes in gene expression of cells
Choice 4 of 5:Apoptosis
Choice 5 of 5:Mitosis
all of the above
You are trying to figure out what type of cells are in a sample you've found. So, you decide to run a PCR with primers specific for the telomerase gene. You run correct/appropriate positive and negative controls (here, your negative control is water) for your PCR. You obtain these results after running your gel:
Based on these results, what could your unknown cells be? One or more may be correct, so choose all that apply.
Choice 1 of 5:Hematopoietic (blood) stem cells
Choice 2 of 5:Embryonic stem cells
Choice 3 of 5:Heart muscle cells
Choice 4 of 5:Retina (eye) cells
Choice 5 of 5:Brain cancer cells
all of the above
the DNA the same in all cells? YES! Remember that a PCR is telling you about the DNA, and we know that the DNA for the telomerase gene is present in ALL CELLS. That means that you should see a telomerase band in your PCR from ANY CELL TYPE. Challenge: What techniques would let you look at which cells express telomerase?
All the promoters for the genes found within a single eukaryotic cell are identical, since the DNA in all cells is the same.
Choice 1 of 2:True
Choice 2 of 2:False
Choice 2 of 2:False
This question asks about the promoters for genes found within a single cell, meaning all the different genes that one individual cell would contain. As we talked about last week (Lesson 12 Part 1 Slides 17-20), the promoter for the same gene in two different cells would be the same, but the promoters for different genes are different, and contain different regulatory elements which allow them to be differentially expressed in different cell types!
LESSON 13 QUIZ
As shown in the movie, the exact same deletion on chromosome 15 can lead to two different syndromes, Angelman’s syndrome or Prader-Willi syndrome. What accounts for the difference?
Choice 1 of 3:whether the child is a biological male or female
Choice 2 of 3:whether the deletion happened before or after birth
Choice 3 of 3:Whether the deletion is inherited from mother or father
Choice 3 of 3:Whether the deletion is inherited from mother or father
As shown in the movie, researchers study a brown thin mouse and an obese, yellowish mouse. These mice are identical twins but differ at the agouti gene. What specifically is different in the brown mice vs. the yellow, obese mice?
Choice 1 of 3:acetylation of histones at the agouti gene
Choice 2 of 3:methylation of DNA at the agouti gene
Choice 3 of 3:the sequence of DNA of the agouti gene
Choice 2 of 3:methylation of DNA at the agouti gene
Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of histone acetylation and DNA methylation in gene regulation?
Choice 1 of 4:DNA methylation reduces transcription, and histone acetylation promotes transcription.
Choice 2 of 4:DNA methylation and histone acetylation both promote transcription.
Choice 3 of 4:DNA methylation promotes transcription, and histone acetylation reduces transcription.
Choice 4 of 4:DNA methylation and histone acetylation both reduce transcription.
Choice 1 of 4:DNA methylation reduces transcription, and histone acetylation promotes transcription.
Methylation of a tumor suppressor gene such as p53 would lead to:
Choice 1 of 2:less cell proliferation
Choice 2 of 2:more cell proliferation
Choice 2 of 2:more cell proliferation
A researcher was studying the epigenome, specifically methylation patterns. She examined two sets of identical twins and immediately knew which set of twins was young and which was older. How?
Choice 1 of 2:The older twins had more differences in their methylation pattens compared to the younger twins
Choice 2 of 2:The younger twins had more differences in their methylation pattens compared to the older twinS
Choice 1 of 2:The older twins had more differences in their methylation pattens compared to the younger twins
LESSON 14 QUIZ
For the DNA sequence below, find the open reading frame(s) and determine the number of amino acids for the longest polypeptide?
Choice 1 of 4:8
Choice 2 of 4:11
Choice 3 of 4:10
Choice 4 of 4:None of the options are correct
Choice 3 of 4:10
The SARS CoV-2 virus is a (+)ssRNA virus, meaning that its genome mimics mRNA in a cell. As a result, which of the following statements is TRUE about the genome and life cycle of SARS CoV-2?
Choice 1 of 4:Both statements are true
Choice 2 of 4:Neither of the statements are true
Choice 3 of 4:RNA polymerase is necessary in order to express viral proteins from the SARS CoV-2 genome
Choice 4 of 4:Viral genes can be translated in cells infected with SARS CoV-2
Choice 4 of 4:Viral genes can be translated in cells infected with SARS CoV-2
When considering an open reading frame, what is the first amino acid of the polypeptide that is translated?
Choice 1 of 4:PRO
Choice 2 of 4:MET
Choice 3 of 4:Varies based on the nucleotide sequence
Choice 4 of 4:GLY
Choice 2 of 4:MET
A mutation arose in the Kozak consensus sequence of a gene (all other aspects of the gene are unaffected). As a result, you would expect abnormal:
Choice 1 of 5:Two of the above
Choice 2 of 5:Transcription of the gene product only
Choice 3 of 5:Three of the above
Choice 4 of 5:Translation of the gene product only
Choice 5 of 5:Replication of the gene product only
Choice 4 of 5:Translation of the gene product only
You recently discovered a novel organic compound that prevents the function of ribosomes (all types). This could be used to treat which type of infection in plants?
Choice 1 of 4:Both bacterial and viral infections
Choice 2 of 4:Bacterial infection only
Choice 3 of 4:Viral infection only
Choice 4 of 4:Neither bacterial nor viral infections
Choice 4 of 4:Neither bacterial nor viral infections
LESSON 15 QUIZ
Glucose and O2 are both present at a higher concentration in the extracellular space outside of a cell. While we would expect both to passively diffuse across the membrane:
Choice 1 of 3:glucose will diffuse across the membrane more rapidly than oxygen
Choice 2 of 3:Both would diffuse across the membrane at the same rate
Choice 3 of 3:oxygen will diffuse across the membrane more rapidly than glucose
Choice 3 of 3:oxygen will diffuse across the membrane more rapidly than glucose
If you stimulated cells with a drug that increases the activity of myosin and exposed the cells to SARS CoV-2, what would you expect to occur? Assume the cells express physiologically normal levels of ACE-2 and actin.
Choice 1 of 2:Increased entry of SARS CoV-2 into the cell
Choice 2 of 2:Decreased entry of SARS CoV-2 into the cell
Choice 1 of 2:Increased entry of SARS CoV-2 into the cell
For a neuron, the concentration of K+ is greater inside the cell than outside of the cell. Knowing that humans get K+ from their diet, how might K+ get into the cytoplasm of a neuron from its extracellular space? (Select all that apply)
Choice 1 of 4:Active transport
Choice 2 of 4:Pinocytosis
Choice 3 of 4:Phagocysosis
Choice 4 of 4:Facilitated diffusion
choice 1, 2
Carrot slices placed in a 2 g/L salt solution for several hours become flaccid (limp). Carrot slices placed in fresh water for several hours become turgid (stiff). Why?
Choice 1 of 4:The fresh water is hypotonic and the salt solution is hypertonic to the cells of the carrot slices
Choice 2 of 4:The fresh water and salt solution are both hypertonic to the cells of the carrot slices
Choice 3 of 4:The fresh water is hypertonic and the salt solution is hypotonic to the cells of the carrot slices
Choice 4 of 4:The fresh water and salt solution are both hypotonic to the cells of the carrot slices
Choice 1 of 4:The fresh water is hypotonic and the salt solution is hypertonic to the cells of the carrot slices
For a neutrophil to phagocytose a bacterium, it must have:
I. functional actin filaments
II. functional myosin filaments
III. a receptor
Choice 1 of 4:I, II, and III
Choice 2 of 4:I and II
Choice 3 of 4:III only
Choice 4 of 4:I only
Choice 1 of 4:I, II, and III
LESSON 16 QUIZ
SARS CoV-2 has a single-stranded RNA genome. A toll-like receptor that would recognize the SARS CoV-2 genome, and thus activate an inflammatory response, would be found:
Choice 1 of 3:In the cytosol
Choice 2 of 3:Within an endosome
Choice 3 of 3:On the plasma membrane
Choice 2 of 3:Within an endosome
Which of the following events is generally shared by both a water-soluble and lipid (or hormone) steroid?
Choice 1 of 4:Production of second messengers
Choice 2 of 4:Activation of transcription factors
Choice 3 of 4:Entry of ligand into the cytoplasm
Choice 4 of 4:Activation of the p38 MAPK pathway
Choice 2 of 4:Activation of transcription factors
Inhibiting the activity of TAK1, a MAPKKK, would inhibit the activation of p38 MAPK.
Choice 1 of 2:True
Choice 2 of 2:False
Choice 2 of 2:False
Which of the following is NOT associated with signaling via a G-coupled protein receptor (GPCR)?
Choice 1 of 4:Release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum
Choice 2 of 4:Transcription of gene products
Choice 3 of 4:Entry of the signaling ligand into the cytoplasm
Choice 4 of 4:Activation of phosphorylation cascades
Choice 3 of 4:Entry of the signaling ligand into the cytoplasm
You scraped your arm while mountain biking, causing a bacterial infection of your skin. How many of the following symptoms might be considered a hallmark of the inflammation that you’re experiencing?
Separation of layers of skin near the wound, causing blisters.
Swelling of the skin near the wound site.
Pain near the site of the wound.
Choice 1 of 4:3 of the above
Choice 2 of 4:0 of the above
Choice 3 of 4:2 of the above
Choice 4 of 4:1 of the above
Choice 3 of 4:2 of the above
LESSON 17 QUIZ
What feature(s) of a eukaryotic mature mRNA molecule allow for the transcript to be exported from the nucleus? (Select all that apply)
Choice 1 of 4:Signal sequence peptide
Choice 2 of 4:5’ cap
Choice 3 of 4:Kozak consensus sequence
Choice 4 of 4:poly(A) tail
choice 2, 4
Which of the following approaches could be used to prevent the loading of viral epitopes/peptides on the MHC Class I molecules?
Choice 1 of 4:Both of the above would work
Choice 2 of 4:Treat cells with an inhibitor of lysosomes
Choice 3 of 4:Treat cells with an inhibitor of the proteasome
Choice 4 of 4:Neither of the above would work
Choice 3 of 4:Treat cells with an inhibitor of the proteasome
Brefeldin A is a molecule produced by fungus that prevents the movement of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. We would therefore expect that treatment of cells with Brefeldin A would:
Choice 1 of 3:have abnormally low levels of plasma membrane-associated proteins
Choice 2 of 3:have improperly folded proteins
Choice 3 of 3:have abnormal N-linked glycosylation
Choice 1 of 3:have abnormally low levels of plasma membrane-associated proteins
NLRP1 is a multi-domain protein component of the inflammasome, a cytoplasmic structure that is involved in the production of proinflammatory mediators (cytokines). Where would you expect the tertiary structure of NLRP1 to be formed within a eukaryotic cell?
Choice 1 of 4:In the nucleus
Choice 2 of 4:In the endoplasmic reticulum
Choice 3 of 4:In the Golgi apparatus
Choice 4 of 4:In the cytoplasm
Choice 4 of 4:In the cytoplasm
You tag a protein with a fluorescent probe and use microscopy to evaluate where within the cell the protein travels at various time points. During your experiment, you notice that the protein is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Which best describes the final location of this protein?
Choice 1 of 4:Neither option is possible
Choice 2 of 4:The protein is associated with the plasma membrane
Choice 3 of 4:The protein is secreted from the cell
Choice 4 of 4:Both of the options are possible
Choice 4 of 4:Both of the options are possible
LESSON 18 QUIZ
The epitope that is loaded into the peptide groove of an MHC class I molecule:
Choice 1 of 3:Is the same epitope that is recognized by a B cell
Choice 2 of 3:Is the same epitope that is recognized by a CD8+ cytotoxic T cell
Choice 3 of 3:Is the same epitope that is recognized by a CD4+ helper T cell
Choice 2 of 3:Is the same epitope that is recognized by a CD8+ cytotoxic T cell
Antigen presenting cells present peptides from antigens they have phagocytosed on MHC class II molecules, and they can secrete different cytokines depending on the type of pathogen they have encountered.
Choice 1 of 2:True
Choice 2 of 2:False
Choice 1 of 2:True
Because B cells are activated by CD4+ helper T cells, the humoral immune system is always activated before the cell-mediated immune system.
Choice 1 of 2:False
Choice 2 of 2:True
Choice 1 of 2:False