Test Drug Knowledge

What is the primary source of nicotine?

Tobacco

Who popularized tobacco in Europe and Asia?

Europeans introduced by Native Americans; popularized through imports, especially from Spain and Virginia

Why did Jean Nicot initially promote tobacco?

For its supposed medicinal properties

When did the medicinal use of tobacco decline?

By the 1860s, after its addictive properties were recognized

List common tobacco products.

Cigarettes, cigars, snuff, chewing tobacco, and pipe tobacco

What are some alternative methods of nicotine delivery?

Chewing gum, nicotine patches, lozenges, inhalers, nasal sprays, and e-cigarettes

Which report significantly linked smoking to lung cancer and led to reduced smoking rates?

The 1964 Surgeon General's Report

What act gave the FDA regulatory authority over tobacco products?

The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act

What are the main routes of nicotine absorption?

Lungs, oral mucosa, and skin

How much nicotine is absorbed through the lungs upon inhalation?

Approximately $90$%

What type of agonist is nicotine?

A cholinergic agonist

Describe nicotine's biphasic actions.

Stimulation at lower doses and depressant effects at higher doses, affecting both CNS and PNS

What are some symptoms of nicotine withdrawal?

Intense cravings, irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, increased appetite, restlessness, and disturbed sleep

What are the three main categories of smoking cessation methods?

Nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs), pharmacotherapy, and behavioral programs

Name two examples of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation.

Bupropion and Varenicline