FINAL EXAM

after fertilization, implantation occurs at about

day 7

inner cell mass divides into what

epiblast and hypoblast

what forms the three germ layers

the epiblast

embryonic period

primitive streak formation

gastrulation

body folding

neurulation

limb buds form

organogenesis

ectoderm

skin and nervous tissue

mesoderm

muscle tissue, heart, kidneys, reproductive organs, connective tissue

endoderm

digestive and respiratory systems

what stimulates neurulation

notochord

four types of tissue

connective

muscular

elastic

muscular

simple squamous tissue

thin and allows for secretion and absorption

found in the alveolus

ciliated pseudostratified columnar tissue

trachea

uterine tubes

mesenchymal cell

stem cell

first one to form in an embryo

elastic cartilage

auricle of ear

epiglottis

flexible but resilient

fibrocartilage

pubic symphysis

chrondroblasts

produce cartilage matrix

diaphysis

middle shaft of bone

epiphysis

end of bone

metaphysis

in the middle

medullary cavity

where bone marrow is found

endochondral ossification

ossificiation from the clavicle down

hypodermis

not classified as part of the integument

epidermal layers

can loud girls sing bass?

gomphoses

teeth

synarthrosis

immovable

amphiarthrosis

slightly movable

diarthrosis

freely movable

ACL prevents

anterior movement of the tibia and posterior movement of the femur

difference in male and female pelvis

ischial tuberosity are further apart

fusion of myoblasts

make a muscle

endomysium

wraps around muscle cell

perimysium

wraps around fascicle

epimysium

around skeletal muscle

deep fascia

around multiple muscles

mysial layers contain

blood vessels and nerve supply

autonomic

motor output that is involuntary

dendrites

carry impulses toward the cell body

axon terminals

carry away from the cell body

efferent

from CNS to affector organ

choroid plexus

produces CSF

parietal lobe

understanding speech

frontal lobe

forming speech

cerebellum

fine tunes

trigeminal n.

sensory: face, teeth, tongue

motor: mastication

facial n.

sensory: taste-anterior 2/3

motor: facial muscles, saliva, tears

glossopharyngeal n.

sensory: taste-posterior 1/3

motor: swallowing and saliva

vagus n.

sensory: visceral sensation

motor: swallowing, 70% of parasympathetic

phrenic nerve

diaphragm

parasympathetic

preganglionic is long

filiform

fron 2/3

no taste buds

retina

no rods, no cones

choroid

nourishes the retina

auditory tube

opens up the ear to the nasopharynx

fluid found in the scala tympani/vestibuli

perilymph

fluid found in the cochlear duct

endolymph

biogenic amines

altering a specific amino acid

thyroid hormone

cushing syndrome

hypersecretion of cortisol

addison disease

hyposecretion of cortisol

prolactin

milk production

oxytocin

milk ejection

flow of blood?

Heart \n Elastic Artery \n Muscular Artery \n Arteriole \n Capillary \n Venule \n Medium vein \n Large Vein \n Heart

continuous capillary

most common

muscle, skin, thymus, lungs

fenestrated capillary

small intestine, endocrine, kidney

sinusoid

bone marrow, spleen, liver

ductus venosus

bypasses the liver and puts it into the interior vena cava

lacteals

Special lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine

GI lymph is called chyle

right axillary region drained by

right lymphatic duct

helper t

orchestrate immune response

cytotoxic t

kill abnormal cells

memory t/b

patrol body after attack

regulatory t

turn off immune reponse

plasma cells

produce immunoglobulins

duodenum

chemical digestion starts here

retroperotoneal

duodenum

pancreas

ascending and descending colon

rectum

kidneys

trachea

anterior to the esophagus

larynx

voice box

nasopharynx

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

trachea

c shaped cartilage rings prevent it from collapsing

alveolar type two cell

secrete surfactine

gives alveoli their elasticity

allows greater movement

left lung

cardiac notch

right lung

three lobes

pulmonary ventilation

increases the volume of the thoracic cavity

decreases the pressure of the thoracic cavity

pulls air in the lungs

external respiration

in lungs at the alveoli

internal respiration

at tissue/cells

segmentation

mechanical digestion

propulsion

peristalsis

parietal cell

hydrochloric acid

chief cells

pepsinogen

glomerulus

site of filtration

internal sphincter

involuntary

external sphincter

voluntary

puberty

GnRH

site of fertilization

uterine tubes

implantation occurs in the

myometrium of the uterus

ovarian cycle

follicular phase

ovulation

luteal phase

spike of LH leads to

ovulation

vulva anterior to posterior

Mons pubis \n Labia majora \n Labia minora \n Vestibule \n Clitoris \n Urethral opening \n Vaginal orifice

epididymis

where sperm cells are matured and stored

flow of sperm

Testes

Epididymis

Vas Deferens

Ejaculatory Duct

Prostate Gland

Urethra

syncyntiotrophoblast

produces the human chorionic gonadotropin

genital tubercle

glans of the penis

clitoris