S&S Neurological Disease
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17 Terms
What area/level controls movement
Pyramidal and extrapyramidal
What does decrease and increase function of pyramidal area cause
Decrease causes weakness, increase cause convulsion
What does decrease and increase function of extrapyramidal area cause
Decrease cause akinetic rigid syndrome, increase cause hyperkinesia
What does decrease and increase function of somatic sensation cause
Decrease cause analgesia/anesthesia, increase cause pain/paresthesia
What does decrease and increase function of visual system cause
Decrease cause hearing loss, increase cause tinnitus
What does decrease and increase function of olfaction cause
Decrease cause anosmia, increase cause olfactory hallucination
What does decrease and increase function of reticular formation cause
Decrease cause drowsiness, stupor, coma; increase cause agitation, confusion
What does decrease and increase function of limbic area cause
Decrease cause hypersexuality/hyperphagia, increase cause hyposexuality/hypophagia
What are the signs of meningeal irritation
Kernig and Brudzinski signs
What is Kernig sign
Resistance to passive extension of the knee when hip is flexed
What is Brudzinski sign
Flexion at hip and knee in response to passive flexion of neck
What are the signs of lumbosacral root irritation
Lasegue and reverse straight leg raising signs
What is Lasegue sign
Pain in the L4-S2 distribution or sciatic nerve distribution when the extended leg is raised with supine patient
What is reverse straight leg raising sign
Pain at L2-L4 root or femoral nerve distribution after raising extended leg with patient prone
What are some of the cardinal manifestation of neurological disease
Confusion, dizziness, weakness, shaking, numbness, blurred vision, spells
What is the characteristic of LMN paralysis
May affect individual muscle, atrophy is pronounced, fasciculations, abnormal nerve conduction study,
What is characteristic of UMN paralysis
Muscle affected in groups, slight atrophy, no fasciculation, normal nerve conduction studies