Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System

myelin

covers certain neurons in order to help pass on the electrical current

glial cells

support cells for neurons in the CNS

myelin

covers certain neurons in order to help pass on the electrical current

glial cells

support cells for neurons in the CNS

Schwann cells

support cells for neurons in the PNS. They are in charge of producing myelin

neurotransmitters

pass messages in between neurons or to muscles. They can activate or inhibit. In the synapse they can be broken down or reabsorbed

cerebrum, cerebullum, and the brainstem

the thre main parts of the brain

cerebrum

part of the brain with a right and left hemisphere. The thalamus, hypothalamus, and basal ganglia are located there

cerebellum

part of the brain in charge of balance and coordination

midbrain, pons, and medulla

the three main parts of the brain stem

frontal lobe

part of the cerebrum in charge of concetration, deep thinking, memory, motor, judgement, and personality

Broca’s area

located in the frontal lobe it is in charge of motor function behind speech

parietal lobe

part of the cerebrum that proccesses sensory information

temporal lobe

part of the cerebrum in charge of processing auditory information

Wernicke’s area

located in the temporal lobe it is in charge of understanding speech

occipital lobe

part of the cerebrum in charge of processing visual information

cerebellum

in charge of intigration of sensory information that allows for proper movement of information and coordination. It allows for gentle movements and is in charge of balance and proprioception

Romberg Test

tests cerebellar function. The patient stands with their heels together first with eyes open then with eyes closed. If there is swaying only when the eyes are closed that means there is proprioceptive defecits

cerebellar functions

keeps an extremity from overshooting an extended target and allows one to move from one skilled movemwnt to another in an orderly sequency

dura mater

external layer of the brain that covers the brain and the spinal cord

arachnoid matter

middle layer of the braina

arachnoid villi

in charge of CSF absorption

CSF

transparent fluid made in the choroid plexus in the brain ventricles. It is important for metabolism

500ml

how much CSF is produced a day

obstructive hydrocephalus

if CSF is obstructed from leaving the ventricles it will cause this

BBB

prevent macromolecules from going into the CNS

olfactory, sensory

Cranial Nerve I, and its type

Optic, sensory

Cranial Nerve II, and its type

Oculomotor, motor

Cranial Nerve III, and its type

Trochlear, motor

Cranial Nerve IV, and its type

Trigeminal, sensory and motor

Cranial Nerve V, and its type

Abducens, motor

Cranial Nerve VI, and its type

Facial, sensory and motor

Cranial Nerve VII, and its type

Vestibulochoclear, sensory

Cranial Nerve VIII, and its type

Glossopharyngeal, sensory and motor

Cranial Nerve IX, and its type

Vagus, sensory and motor

Cranial Nerve X, and its type

acessory, motor

Cranial Nerve XI, and its type

hypoglossal, motor

Cranial Nerve XII, and its type

Pupils should be Equal in size, Round and Regular in shape, react to Light and Accomodation

PERRLA

gray matter

inner matter and shaped like an H. It has an inner motor horn and a posterior sensory horn

white matter

external matter. passes on sensation of vibration, movement, and pain and temperature sensationc

corticospinal pathway

descending motor tract from the cortex to the spinal cord and from the nerves and muscles

spinothalamic pathway

ascending sensory tract from the spinal cord to the thalamus to the sensory cortex

dermatomes

areas of the skin innervated by spinal nerves