BIO 168 Module 2 Quiz Review

The result of __________ is the division of a cell's chromosomes into two new nuclei, each of which has the same amount and type of DNA as the original nucleus. The division of the cells cytoplasm is called __________and occurs with the production of two new cells.

mitosis; cytokinesis

Place the following images into the correct order to represent mitosis.

refer to screenshot

Support, attachment of tissues, cushioning and protection are examples of functions for ______ tissue.

connective tissue

What attaches epithelial cells to the basement membrane?

hemidesmosomes

The type of connective tissue that contains chondrocytes, a rigid matrix of collagen fibers and proteoglycan-hyaluronic acid aggregates and few, if any, blood vessels is

cartilage.

Which of the following types of connective tissue is mismatched with its matrix?

cartilage - highly vascular matrix

Which of the following is correctly matched?

axons - conduct action potentials away from the cell body

A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it

consists of cells with much intercellular material (matrix) between them.

Match the function or location to the correct connective tissue.

Allows the growth of long bones

Hyaline cartilage

Intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis

Fibrocartilage

External ear, epiglottis, and auditory tubes

Elastic cartilage

Outer portion of all bones

Compact bone

Inside skull bones, vertebrae, and sternum

Spongy bone

Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other substances

Blood

Produces new blood cells and stores lipids

Bone marrow

Capable of strength with stretching and recoil in several directions

Dense irregular elastic connective tissue

Tensile strength capable of withstanding stretch in all directions

Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue

Vocal folds and ligaments between vertebrae

Dense regular elastic connective tissue

Tendons and ligaments

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue

Provides superstructure for lymphatic tissues

Reticular tissue

Energy storage

Adipose tissue

Epithelial basement membrane sits on this

Areolar connective tissue

Precursor to adult connective tissues

Mesenchyme

Umbilical cord of the newborn

Mucous connective tissue

Fill-in the blanks with the appropriate tissue type being described. Each tissue type can be used more than once.

NERVOUS TISSUE is a network of specialized cells that monitors the internal and external environment and initiates commands through which the body reacts.

EPITHELIAL TISSUE can be classified using the number of cell layers, and the shape of the cell at the apical surface.

There are three types of MUSCLE TISSUE: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.

MUSCLE TISSUE is widely distributed throughout the body to allow for movement of the skeleton or other tissues of the body.

CONNECTIVE TISSUE is diverse, abundant, and widely distributed through the body.

EPITHELIAL TISSUE forms the surface layer of the body, lines body cavities, hollow organs and structures, and constitutes most gland tissue.

NERVOUS TISSUE is composed of two types of cells: neurons and glial cells.

Identify the specific tissue type shown in each picture.

refer to screenshot

Identify the types of muscle tissue by dragging the muscle type labels to the matching image.

refer to screenshot

1 - skeletal muscle

2 - cardiac muscle

3 - smooth muscle

Describe the movement of melanin in the skin.

Melanin is transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes.

Keratinocytes

are responsible for the reduction of water loss from the skin.

The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is

detection of heat and touch.

Which type of skin cancer is the most common?

basal cell carcinoma

Which of the following statements concerning vitamin D is false?

Vitamin D causes the kidney to excrete calcium.

Complete each sentence by dragging the proper word or phrase into the correct position. Then place the sentences in order from superficial to deep.

The STRATUM CORNEUM is made up of multiple layers of dead keratinocytes that regularly exfoliate.

The next layer is the STRATUM LUCIDUM, which is present only on the soles of the feet, hands, fingers, and toes.

The STRATUM GRANULOSUM is named for the presence of dark-staining granules; keratinization begins in this layer.

Toward the apical surface, in the STRATUM SPINOSUM the keratinocytes cease cell division. Epidermal dendritic cells are in this layer.

Composed of cuboidal and colulmnar cells, the STRATUM BASALE contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells.

Drag each label to the appropriate layer (A, B, or C) for each term or phrase.

A: (EPIDERMIS)

-composed primarily of epithelial tissues

-creates a water barrier with the environment

-epidermis

-includes the 4-5 strata of the skin

-epidermis

-avascular

B: (DERMIS)

-the layer that is made into leather products after removal of more superficial and deeper tissues

-principally comprised of dense irregular connective tissue

-includes hair follicles, glads, and blood vessels

C: (HYPODERMIS)

-not actually considered a part of the skin

-contains tissues associated with energy storage, thermal insulation, and mechanical padding

-hypodermis

-deepest layer

Drag each label to the appropriate anatomical structure.

refer to screenshot

Place the appropriate words and descriptions with the correct low magnification picture of integumentary glands highlighted below.

MEROCRINE GLAND:

-secretes sweat

-ducts open directly on the surface of skin

-functions in temperature regulation

APOCRINE GLAND:

-ducts open into hair follicles

-secretes sweat

-secretion is influenced by hormones

SEBACOUS GLAND:

-secretes sebum

-ducts open into hair follicles

-secretion is influenced by hormones

refer to screenshot

Which of the following is correctly matched?

short bone - carpal bone

An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.

diaphysis

Which type of bone cells combine hydroxyapatite and collagen to form extracellular bone matrix?

osteoblasts

Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. The function of red marrow is to

manufacture blood cells.

The type of lamellae found between osteons (Haversian systems) is

interstitial.

Each of the following steps are necessary in preparing and observing a wet mount. Place the steps in the correct order.

1. Obtain a clean slide and cover slip.

2. Using a transfer pipette, obtain a drop of specimen and place onto the center of the slide.

3. Carefully place the cover slip over the drop of specimen.

4. Observe preparation under the 10X objective lens.

5. Observe preparation under the 40X objective lens.

Complete the calculations for total magnification produced by various combinations of the eyepiece and objective lenses. Remember, to calculate the total magnification achieved when using a particular objective, multiply the power of the eyepiece by the power of the objective used.

When the scanning (4x) objective is used the total magnification will be 40x.

When the low power (10x) objective is used the total magnification will be 100x.

When the high power (40x) objective is used the total magnification will be 400x.

When the oil immersion (100x) objective is used the total magnification will be 1000x.

Label the image of a compound light microscope using the terms provided.

refer to screenshot

Indicate the correct order of steps as you bring an object into focus under high power.

1. Place slide on stage and secures with stage clips.

2. Turn on the light and center the specimen over the light source.

3. Focus specimen on low power using coarse focus adjustment.

4. Use fine focus to sharpen the image under low power.

5. Rotate high power lens into position.

6. Readjust fine focus under high power to produce the sharpest image.

An exaggerated curvature of the lumbar region is

lordosis

Which of the following bones contains a sinus?

maxilla

The hyoid bone is part of the

axial skeleton.

In a herniated ("ruptured" or "slipped") disc, the ring of fibrocartilage called the ___________ cracks and the _____________ oozes out.

anulus fibrosus; nucleus pulposus

Which structure is highlighted?

palatine process of maxilla

Which structure is highlighted?

intervertebral discs

Which structure is highlighted?

temporal process of zygomatic bone

Which structure is highlighted?

parietal bone

Which structure is highlighted?

foramen magnum

Which structure is highlighted?

mandibular foramen refer to screenshot