Chapter 1- Biology: The Study of Life

Evolution

________ is a change in the characteristics of a population over time.

experimental prediction

A(n) ________ describes a measurable or observable result that must be correct if a hypothesis is valid.

Adaptation

________ is a heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment relative to individuals lacking that trait.

central dogma

The ________- first articulated by Crick- describes the flow of information in cells.

ATP

Organisms have two fundamental nutritional needs- chemical energy in the form of a molecule called ________ (or adenosine triphosphate) and molecules that can be used as building blocks.

eukaryotes

In all ________ (literally,"true- kernel), "cells have a prominent component called the nucleus.

vast majority

The ________ of bacterial and archaeal cells lack a nucleus, they are referred to as prokaryotes.

structural components

Proteins are crucial to most tasks required for a cell to exist, from forming ________ to promoting the chemical reactions that sustain life.

Cells

________ throughout your body are using information stored in your genes to make the substances, or molecules.

RNA

Molecular machinery in cells makes a copy of a particular genes information in the form of a closely related molecule called ribonucleic acid, or ________.

Fitness

________ means an individuals ability to produce viable offspring relative to that ability in other individuals in the population . "

Energy

________: To stay alive and reproduce, organisms have to acquire and use ________.

Replication

________: Almost everything an organism does contributes to one goal: replicating itself.

Scientists

________ define a theory as an explanation for a veηr broad class of observed phenomena that is supported by a wide body of evidence.

Information

________: Organisms process hereditary, or genetic, ________ encoded in units called genes.

null hypothesis

A(n) ________ specifies what should be observed when the hypothesis being tested isnt correct.

chromosome

A(n) ________ consists of a molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.

testable statement

The all- cells- from- cells explanation was a hypothesis: a(n) ________ to explain a set of observations.

Evolution

________: Organisms are the products of ________, and their populations continue to ________ today.

An organism is a life form

a living entity made up of one or more cells

Cells

Organisms consist of membrane-bound units called cells

Information

Organisms process hereditary, or genetic, information encoded in units called genes

Energy

To stay alive and reproduce, organisms have to acquire and use energy

Evolution

Organisms are the products of evolution, and their populations continue to evolve today

The complete cell theory builds on this concept

All organisms are made of cells, and all cells come from preexisting cells

The all-cells-from -cells explanation was a hypothesis

a testable statement to explain a set of observations

Chromosome theory of inheritance

  Inside cells, hereditary or genetic information is encoded in units called genes 1at are located on chromosomes

Biologists today often use the term phylum (plural

phyla) to refer to major lineages within each domain

Genus The first part of 1e two-part name indicates the organisms genus (plural

genera)

Step 1

State the hypothesis as precisely as possible and list the predictions it makes

Step 2

Design an observational or experimental study that is capable of testing those predictions