BIO2600- Chapter 8 CNS Function

A cell is known to respond to a particular signaling molecule. Which of the following must be true of this cell?

a. It contains the receptor for the signaling molecule

b.It is in the heart muscle

c. It is incapable of signal transduction

d. It is also the site of production for the signaling molecule

it contains the receptor for the signaling molecule

T or F: Most of the receptors that possess intrinsic enzyme activity are protein kinases that specifically phosphorylate tyrosine residues.

True

An EEG with waves of high amplitude and low frequency is descriptive of or occurs during

a. slow-wave sleep.

b. both slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep.

c. neither slow-wave sleep nor paradoxical sleep.

d. paradoxical sleep.

slow-wave sleep

The major second messengers are

a. DAG

b. cGMP

c. cAMP

d. All of these

All of these

T or F: Both DAG and IP3 then function as second messengers but in almost identical ways.

False

T or F: Lack of an adequate amount of sleep at its worst can cause death, as well as serious memory retention and learning difficulties.

True

T or F: In pardoxical sleep an individual is easily aroused from a deep sleep, although the EEG pattern that is observed is consistent with that of an individual in NREM sleep.

False

Your alarm pulls you from sleep while you were in the middle of a vivid dream. You were most likely

a. in NREM sleep.

b. in REM sleep.

c. exhibiting gamma wave activity.

d. All of the answer choices are correct.

e. exhibiting beta wave activity.

in REM sleep

You have a patient who, following a stroke, has impaired comprehension of language. The MRI is likely to reveal damage in which area?

a. Broca’s area

b. Wernicke's area

c. Hypothalamus

d. Limbic system

e. Damage to any of these areas could cause this symptom

Wernicke’s area

Mark the signal molecule which does not interact with cell surface receptor

a. Testosterone

b. Gastrin

c. Insulin

d. Glucagon

Testosterone

cAMP and cGMP are derived from

a. GTP and ATP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively

b. none of the above

c. ATP and GTP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively

d. ATP and GTP by the actions of guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase respectively

ATP and GTP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively

The alpha rhythm is the most prominent EEG pattern when an adult is

a. awake and thinking hard about something.

b. awake and relaxed with eyes open.

c. in REM sleep.

d. in non-REM sleep.

awake and relaxed with eyes open

Dreaming is descriptive of or occurs during

a. paradoxical sleep.

b. neither slow-wave sleep nor paradoxical sleep.

c. slow-wave sleep.

d. both slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep.

paradoxical sleep

T or F: The EEG tracing of a relaxed individual who has closed eyes and is not concentrating on anything in particular is mainly an alpha rhythm.

True

T or F: Caffeine and theophylline, the active ingredients in coffee and tea, are widely consumed stimulants that work partly by inhibiting cAMP phosphodiesterase activity, thereby prolonging the actions of cAMP within cells.

True

T or F: You can tell a person is in a coma and not just asleep if you see high-amplitude, spike-wave EEG pattern.

False

The hormone or ligand can be considered as

a. first messenger

b.both first and second messenger

c.Neither first nor second messenger

d.second messenger

first messenger

If you were to record your own EEG activity while concentrating very hard on this exam, the most prominent EEG pattern would be

a. alpha rhythm.

b. beta rhythm.

c. theta rhythm.

d. delta rhythm.

beta rhythm

Which of the following is an example of declarative memory?

a. Being given a specific address and being able to recall it several days or weeks later

b. Responding to the sight, smell, taste, or thought of one's favorite food with salivation and hunger pangs.

c. Recognition of a person's face and matching a name to it

d. Remembering how to ride a bicycle

e. Being able to recall a phone number for only a short period of time

Recognition of a person's face and matching a name to it

Alpha EEG rhythm is descriptive of or occurs during

a. paradoxical sleep.

b. neither slow-wave sleep nor paradoxical sleep.

c. slow-wave sleep.

d. both slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep.

paradoxical sleep

Regarding schizophrenia,

a.it is a family of mental disorders that involves disturbances of thinking, perceiving, and control of motor activity.

b.its symptoms can include paranoid delusions and hallucinations.

c.it probably has a hereditary component.

d.All of the choices are correct.

e.both "it is a family of mental disorders that involves disturbances of thinking, perceiving, and control of motor activity" and "its symptoms can include paranoid delusions and hallucinations" are correct.

all of the choices are correct

T or F: EEG arousal is the recording of brain activity of someone who has just been awakened from sleep.

False

T or F: Primary motivated behavior is behavior that is based on changes or anticipated changes in the internal environment.

True

Which of the descriptions is not descriptive of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep?

a. Skeletal muscle activity is markedly reduced, except for the extraocular and respiratory muscles.

b. Visible movements of the eyes resembling those of one tracking the movements of objects in space, watching TV, and so on

c. Difficulty arousing the sleeper

d. It represents 20–25% of a person's "sleeptime."

e. Oxygen consumption decreases by comparison to NREM sleep and in an alert wakeful state.

Oxygen consumption decreases by comparison to NREM sleep and in an alert wakeful state.

T or F: Dreaming occurs when one is in NREM sleep

False

The major difference between hormones that have intracellular receptors and those that have cell membrane receptors is that the former tend to be

a.Charged

b.Amino acid derivatives

c.Larger

d.Proteins

e.Hydrophobic

Hydrophobic

Which of the following is not a second messenger produced by the phosphoinositide pathway?

a. Ca2+

b.IP3

c.DAG (diacylglycerol)

d.cAMP

cAMP

The hormone or ligand can be considered as

a. Neither first nor second messenger

b. second messenger

c. both first and second messenger

d. first messenger

first messenger

T or F: You can tell a person is in a coma and not just asleep if you see high-amplitude, spike-wave EEG pattern.

False

During paradoxical sleep

a. the person is easily aroused.

b. All of the choices are correct.

c. skeletal muscle tension is dramatically increased.

d. brain neurotransmitter activity in the pathways regulating states of consciousness is similar to that in the awake state.

e. brain oxygen consumption is lower than when awake.

brain neurotransmitter activity in the pathways regulating states of consciousness is similar to that in the awake state.