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delayed puberty
women = 13 or 14 with no period
boys are much older when this is diagnosed
precocious puberty
puberty starting earlier than supposed to
women get affected first
complex partial PP
completely secondary reasons for precocious puberty
incomplete partial PP
certain things will start to develop but not everything
isosexual mixed PP
same
appropriate for at birth gender
heterosexual mixed PP
different
secondary characteristics not aligning with their at birth gender
turner’s syndrome
XO
most tolerable out of all bc you can live with it
web necked appearances
evidence is no Barr body on nucleus on a female
Barr Body
deactivated X chromosomes found in females on the nucleus of the cells
Trisomy X
XXX
female, can go unnoticed
2 different barr bodies
can’t get pregnant
comes from both parents
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
XXY = males
more common now
breast development, small gonads, and shoulder are sloped
found with barr body in a male
Jacob’s syndrome
XYY = males
very small IQ
vert aggressive
no barr bodies
dad’s fault
an X chromosome to fall back on
what do males not have?
y chromosomes
exclusive to males
X chromosome
what chromosome is the default route?
aneuploid
no normal number of chromosomes
monosomy
lost one chromosome (46)
can cause damage to development
intersex
gonads get stuck on between F or M
androgen insensitivity syndrome
do not respond to testosterone
adrenal gland
where do we make testosterone
dysmenorrhea
painful periods
primary dysmenorrhea
painful periods with NO underlying reasons
secondary dysmenorrhea
a reason to why you should have painful periods
amenorrhea
absence of periods
primary amenorrhea
no menarche after 13
secondary amenorrhea
started and then stopped
can be due to months gaps at a time
pregnancy
hormonal dysregulation
PCOS
abnormal uterine bleeding
bleeding caused by abnormal uterine bleeding
polycystic ovarian syndrome
cause by secondary amenorrhea
can’t release egg
acne, weight gain, facial hair
have a link to insulin resistance
past ovulation
what is the luteal phase of cycle
PMS
premenstrual syndrome
cramping and bloating
PMDD
premenstrual dystopic disorder
symptomatic (moody)
pelvic inflammatory disease
results of untreated STIs
most likely gonorrhea and chlamydia
salpingitis
inflammation in the fallopian tubes
ectopic pregnancy can happen
oophoritis
inflammation of ovaries
vaginosis
inflammation of the vaginal canal
cervicitis
inflammation of cervix
vulvitis
inflammation of vulva
bartholinitis
inflammation in the gland that secretes fluid during intercourse
child birth
what causes pelvic relaxation disorders?
stress incontinence
what does pelvic relaxation disorders result in?
vaginal prolapse
vagina goes outside of the body
cystocele
bladder prolapse
urethrocele
urethra prolapse
rectocele
rectal prolapse
enterocele
large intestine prolapse
uterine prolapse
uterus prolapse
pessary and vaginal mesh
what are treatments for pelvic relaxation disorders?
pessary
put in like a diaphragm to keep organs in place
vaginal mesh
put mesh in surgically to keep organs in place
benign ovarian cysts
follicular cysts
corpus luteum cysts
dermoid cysts
follicular cysts
cyst within the follicles
has an egg
corpus luteum cysts
corpus ludium
egg already has been released
dermoid cysts
from tissues that make the ovaries
painful and unpleasant
possible for them to rupture
dermoid cysts are the most common
which benign ovarian cyst is the most common?
ovarian torsion
what can result due to benign ovarian cysts?
ovaries get twisted causing the nerve endings to get cut off
what is ovarian torsion?
endometrial polyps
inner lining of the uterus forms a polyp
leiomyomas
a group of benign smooth muscle tumors
These tumors are of monoclonal origin which arises from the smooth muscle of the uterus.
adenomyosis
endometrial lining proliferation, can cause it to go back
endometriosis
pieces of endometrial tissue scatters everywhere within the body
dyschezia
symptom of endometriosis
abnormally painful poops
very responsive to hormone levels
why do people with endometriosis have very painful periods?
pregnancy
what is a “treatment” for endometriosis?
cervical cancer
most common
hpv triggers
can be asymptomatic for a very long time
ovarian cancer
once signs and symptoms show it’s too late but it is possible to just remove the ovaries
vaginismus
spasm of the vagina which makes intercourse different
anorgasmia
inability of having orgasms
dyspareunia
painful intercourse
can come from lack of interest
both parents
who’s at fault for infertility?
unprotected sex for over a year and the female does not get pregnant
how do you clinically get diagnosed with infertility?
urethritis
which the urethra, becomes inflamed and irritated
causes pain while urinating and an increased urge to urinate.
Urethral stricture
scarring that narrows the tube that carries urine out of your body
phismosis
foreskin doesn’t retract
paraphismosis
foreskin can retract but cannot go back
peyronie disease
physical bend within the shaft
physical therapy can help
priapism
consequence of taking certain drugs
erections that can last for hours
balanoposthitis
inflammation of the whole penis
combo of balanitis and posthitis
balanitis
inflammation of the head
posthitis
inflammation of the shaft
condyloma acuminatum
associated with HPV
can depend on a man
penile cancer
what can condyloma acuminatum cause
penile cancer
rare but treatment can be drastic
varicocele
affects veins and makes them enlarged
looks like a bag of worms when cut open
hydrocele
water accumulating in the scrotum
spermatocele
epididymal cysts
can see many types resolve on their own
usually not threatening
cryptorchidism
testes don’t drop during fetal development
testicular torsion
testes get twisted bc they have shields of tissues
orchitis
inflammation of testes
testicular cancer
obvious lump in testes
can metastasize
can remove testicles if needed
epididymitis
certain STIs can cause this
impede epididymis to collect sperm cells
if too tight, too warm to produce sperm well
why do dr.’s recommend wearing different underwear if a couple is going through infertility?
produce semen
what does the prostate do?
benign prostatic hyperplasia
enlarged prostate
bladder outflow obstructions
what happens if you have an enlarged prostate often?
PSA
prostate specific antigen
can be bound or free
bound psa
attached to molecule
problem, can lead to prostate cancer
free PSA
high levels, no issue
not attached to a molecule
prostatitis
inflammation of prostate
prostate cancer
common
shave tissue around bladder
sexual dysfunction
erectile dysfunction (STI’s)
men cannot get an erection without nitric oxide
nursing homes
where did they fund the largest numbers of STIs?
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