dental embryology, histology, and anatomy Ch 1 and 15 quiz

dentition

• used to describe the natural teeth in the jaws

• a person has two dentitions during a lifetime: primary and permanent dentition

primary dentition (baby teeth)

• primary school ~ first school = primary dentition ~ first set of teeth

• 20 teeth in total

• 8 incisors

• 4 canines

• 8 molars

• NO premolars

permanent dentition (adult teeth)

• second dentition to develop

• 32 teeth in total

• 8 incisors

• 4 canines

• 8 pre molars

• 12 molars

universal numbering system (UNS)

• united states

• Starts on patient’s upper right side, 1-16, then dropping down to mandible starting at 17-32

• primary dentition follows the same pattern, using letters A-T

international numbering system (INS)

• teeth are designated from each other by using a two digit code

• the first digit corresponds to the specific quadrant the tooth lies in, with the second number indicating the position of the tooth in the quadrant

• for example: the right central maxillary incisor would be tooth “11”

• primary dentition starts first quadrant at 5

palmer notation method

• known as the military tooth numbering system

• teeth are designated from each other with a right-angle symbol indicating the quadrants and arch with tooth number placed inside

dentition periods

• There are two dentitions, but three ___ ___

• primary

• mixed

• permanent

mixed dentition period

~6 to 12 years

• eruption of permanent mandibular first molar (6-year molar)

• primary and permanent

• fastest and most noticeable

primary dentition period

~6 months to 6 years

• eruption of primary mandibular central incisor

• primary

• beginning

permanent dentition period

After ~ 12 years

• shedding of last primary tooth

• usually permanent

• slowest and least noticeable dentition period

dental anatomy

is the area of the dental sciences dealing with the morphology or form of the teeth, both the crown and root.

alveolus

• Alveolar process means bone.. it needs an alveoLUS because the tooth needs less bone (hole) for the tooth to go in

• surrounds and supports each tooth

• the bone of the tooth socket

• located in the alveolar process (tooth bearing part of each jaw)

occulsion

• is the method by which the teeth of the mandibular arch come into contact with those of the maxillary arch

mandible

• man down! (lower jaw)

D-A-Q-T system

• is based on the tooth within its quadrant

• D for dentition (primary, permanent)

• A for arch (maxillary or mandibular)

• Q for quadrant (left or right)

• and T for tooth type (molar, premolar, canine, incisor, etc)

ex: (D) permanent, (A) mandibular, (Q) left (T) first premolar

sextants

• further divide each dental arch into three parts according to the relationship with the midline

• each arch is divided into left and right

• central six incisors and canine are considered “anterior” or “front facing” sextant

• remaining molars and considered either left or right posterior sextant

crown

• Each tooth consists of a __ and one or more roots

• can be seen on the top of the tooth

• each __ has dentin covered by enamel

• Dentin meets enamel at the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ)

root

• Each tooth consists of a crown and one or more __

• The __ consists of dentin surrounded by cementum

• The cementum meets the enamel at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ)

pulp cavity

• consists of a pulp chamber, pulp canal or canals, an apical foramen, and possibly a pulp horn

• covered by dentin

• consists of nerves, blood vessels, and the connective tissues of the tooth

anatomic crown

• anatomy never changes

• is the entire part of the tooth that is covered by the enamel

• stays constant except for attrition and other physical wear

clinical crown

• is the part of the anatomic crown that is visible and not covered by the gingiva

• height is determined by the location of the marginal gingiva

• depends on health of patient

• “what is visible?”

apical

• the tip of the tooth’s root

• the hole that the pulp and nerves use to enter the alveolar process

masticatory surface

• Is the chewing surface on the most superior surface of the crown

• incisal surface for anterior teeth

• occlusal surface on posterior teeth

• both have lineal elevations (ridges) which are named according to location

cusps

• The masticatory surfaces of both canines and posterior teeth have at least one major elevation; a __

• __ contribute to a significant part of the tooth’s surface

mesial

the surface of the specific tooth closest to the midline

distal

the surface of the specific tooth farthest from the midline

proximal

together, both the mesial and distal surfaces between adjacent teeth are considered the __

interproximal space

the area between adjacent tooth surfaces

contact areas

• The area where the crowns of adjacent teeth in the same arch physically touch on each proximal surface is the ___ ____, or as referred to by clinicians, the __

• (The clicking sound you hear when flossing between teeth and the resistance felt are due to strong __)

embrasures

• when two teeth in the same arch come into contact, the curvatures next to the contact areas form spaces considered __.

line angle

is formed by the lines created at the junction of two crown surfaces and the name is derived by combining the names of the two surfaces

point angle

• is another way to determine the specific area of the crown

• the junction of three surfaces of the crown, the point angle takes its name from those three surfaces

cutting a tooth into thirds

• a crown can be divided both horizontally and vertically into three parts, or thirds, to designate specific tooth areas

incisors

• instruments for biting and cutting food during mastication (triangular proximal form of their crowns)

canines

• because of the tapered shape and the prominent cusp of their crowns, function to pierce or tear food during mastication

premolars

• only found in permanent dentition

• assist canines in piercing and tearing food because of prominent cusps of their crowns during mastication

• assist molars in grinding food due to wide masticatory surface (occlusal surface)

molars

• The __ function in grinding food during mastication, assisted by the premolars

• The wide masticatory surface, the occlusal surface of the ___ , with the prominent cusps, functions during mastication

root axis line (RAL)

an imaginary line representing the long axis of a tooth, drawn in a way to bisect the root (and thus the crown) in the cervical area into two halves

the regions of the face

• frontal

• orbital

• nasal

• infraorbital

• zygomatic

• buccal

• oral

• mental regions

lymph nodes

• are bean-shaped, contain lymphatic vessels

• located in certain areas of the face and head and when palpable, should be noted in the patient record

frontal regions of face

• (forehead)

• includes the forehead and areas above (superior) eyes

orbital

• in the __ region of the face, the eyeball and all its supporting structures are contained in the orbit of the skull, which is the bony eye socket

infraorbital region

• is located inferior (below) to the orbital region and lateral to the nasal region

zygomatic region

• overlies the bony support for the cheek, the zygomatic arch

• extends from just below (inferior) lateral margin of the eye toward the middle part of the external ear

buccal region

• is composed of the soft tissue of the cheek

• forms the side of the face and is a broad area of the face between the nose, mouth, and ear

• masseter muscle

• angle of mandible

submandibular lymph node drainage (not on quiz)

• The forehead and the anterior part of the face drain into the ___ lymph nodes

• Buccal lymph nodes may be present along the course of the previous vessel

parotid lymph node drainage (not on quiz)

• the lateral part of the eyelids and lateral part of face drain into __ lymph nodes

submental lymph nodes (not on quiz)

• lower lip and the skin of the chin are drained into __ lymph nodes

nasal region

• the main feature of the nasal region of the face is the external nose

• the root of the nose is located between the eyes

• the tip of the nose is the apex

• naris = holes of nose that surrounded by ala

oral region

• has many structures within it such as lips and oral cavity

• the upper and lower lips are fleshy fold that mark the gateway of the oral cavity proper

labial commissure

• the corners of the mouth where both lips meet

philtrum

• the area of the upper lip that has a slight groove located inferior to the nasal septum

• midline of upper lip

vermillion zone

• has a darker reddish appearance than the surrounding skin

• outlines from the surrounding skin by a transition zone, the mucocutaneous junction at the vermillion border

tubercle of the upper lip

• the philtrum terminates in a thicker area of the midline of the upper lip known as the __

the mental region

• The chin is the major feature of the __ region of the face

• The bone underlying the __ region is the mandible (lower jaw)

mandibular symphysis

• marks the midline of the mandible

• prominent midlines may result in “butt chin”

ramus

• Lateral aspect of the mandible

• stout flat plate of the __ extends superiorly and posteriorly from the body of the mandible on each side

coronoid process

• The anterior border of the ramus is a thin sharp margin that terminates in the ___ ____

• (crown always in front/ on top)

coronoid notch

• The main part of the aNterior border of the ramus forms a concave curve, the ___ ___

thyroid gland

• Butterfly-shaped organ

• endocrine gland

• prominence of the larynx, which is considered the “voice box”

• The vocal cords, as ligaments of the larynx, are attached to the posterior surface of the ___ cartilage

face and neck

• can be examined by visualization and palpation

• a certain degree of variation in surface features can be considered within a normal range

parotid salivary gland

• has a small part that can be palpated in the buccal region as well as in the zygomatic region

• largest of three major salivary glands located inferior to the external ear

mucocutaneous junction

• located at the vermillion border of the lips

• (where the skin and the mucus border meet)

mandibular condyle

• head articulates with the TMJ

• (con people are always behind)

mandibular notch

• located between mandibular condyle and coronoid process

golden proportions

• a set of guidelines with three divisions illustrating the considerations of vertical facial dimension

regions of neck (triangles of neck)

• extend from the skull and lower jaw down to the clavicles and sternum

• sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) is easily palpated on each side with the bordered dividing the neck into posterior and anterior regions

parathyroid glands

• endocrine glands

• cannot be palpated

• regulate calcium

submandibular and sublingual salivary gland

• can be palpated in a patient in the neck region

• submandibular gland is located inferior to mandible

• sublingual gland is located inferior to tongue (lingua)

hyoid bone

• controls position of tongue