Micro ch 11--The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

archaebacteria

bacteria that don’t have any peptidoglycan

live in extreme enviroments and have an unusual metabolism

methanogen

archaebacteria

anaerobe that produces methan from CO2 and hydrogen gas

found in sewage, intestines, and swamps

halophiles

archeabacteria

require high amounts of salt

found in salt mines of Utah and the dead sea

thermoacidophiles

archeabacteria

grow in hot, acidic enviroments

hot springs, compost piles, nuclear power plants, and hydrothermal vents

spirochetes

contain axial filaments that make them spiraled

motile

found in soil, contaminated water and human bodies

cause syphilis and lyme disease

pseudomonas

gram negative aerobic rods

have pigments

are capable of florescents

psychrophiles

antibiotic resistant

when treating, use two different antibiotics

a type of pseudomonas

legionella

gram negative aerobic rods

rods that cause pneumonia

lives in cool water and cool water systems

neisseria

gram negative aerobic cocci

diplococcus

lives in mucus membranes

causes gonorrhea and meningitis

brucella

gram negative aerobic cocci

coccobacillus that can survive phagocytosis

zoonosis (affects animals, transmitted from humans to animals)

invades liver, spleen,a nd placenta

causes necrosis

bordetella

gram negative aerobic rods

nonmotile

causes whooping cough

rhizobium

gram negative aerobic rods

a rod that is found in the nodules of roots (of plants)

fixes nitrogen by changing it into a form that roots can absorb

acetobacter

gram negative aerobic rods

rod that is used to convert alcohol to vinegar

enterobacters

gram negative facultative rods

found in GI tract

ferment sugars and produce toxins against other bacteria

8 different things in this category

escherichia

enterobacter

most common microbe found int he intestines

some are pathogenic, some are not

salmonella

enterobacter

species typhoid causes food poisoning and typhoid fever

shigella

enterobacter

causes severe diarrhea (dysentery)

klebsiella

enterobacter

causes septicemia in compromised/immunodeficient people

serratia

enterobacter

causes respiratory, urinary, and nosocomial infections

proteus

enterobacter

causes UTIs, wound infections, and diarrhea in infants

yersinia

enterobacter

causes the plague

erwinia

enterobacter

causes plant rot/potato rot

vibrio

gram negative facultative rods

curved with one flagellum

causes cholera

pasturella

gram negative facultative rods

causes septicemia and pneumonia

seen in small animal bites

hemophilus

gram negative facultative rods

an organism that requires blood to live

can cause bronchitis and meningitis

can be carried in nose and throat

gardnerella

gram negative facultative rods

pleomorphic organism

most common cause of vaginitis

bacteroides

gram negative anaerobic rods

found in the mouth and intestine

can cause post surgical, puncture, and wound infections

fusobacterium

gram negative anaerobic rods

pointed ends

causes dental absesses

sulfer bacteria

produces hydrogen sulfide, which is found in mud and in the intestines

rickettsias

Gram negative, nonmotile rode, intracellular

transmitted by ticks

can get typhus and rocky mountain fever

chlamydias

tiny G- coccsoid bacteria

transmitted by direct contact and through the air

causes blindness and STD

coxiella

an obligate intracellular bacterium

had to live in another cell

causes Q fever

staphylococcus

gram positive cocci

found in nose and on the skin

can cause food poisoning and flesh eating disease

can become resistant to antibiotics

streptococcus

gram positive cocci

sours milk

scarlet fever and strep throat

bacillus

gram positive and spore forming

causes anthrax

lives in soil and infects insects

produces toxic crystals that paralyze the insect’s gut

clostridium

gram positive and spore forming

obligate anaerobe

causes tetnus, botulism, gangrene, and diarrhea

lactobacillus

nonspore forming, gram positive rods

found in mouth, intestines, and vagina

used to make yogurt, buttermilk and pickles

listeria

nonspore forming, gram positive rods

found in dairy foods

can survive refridgeration

can cause birth defects and abortions

corynebacterium

irregular gram positive rods

club-shaped

causes diphtheria

we do not see this anymore because of vaccine

propionibacterium

irregular gram positive rods

causes acne

bifidobacterium

irregular gram positive rods

anaerobic

good for intestinal health

increased in breast feeding infants

mycobacteria

acid fast rods

non motile and intracellular

cause TB and leprosy

appendaged bacteria

stalk for anchoring on one end

flagellum at the other end

when divided, one half gets flagellum and the other half gets the stalk

gliding bacteria

lots of slime layer to slide over surfaces

sheathed bacteria

form hallow filaments to live in

cyanobacteria

gram negative, some are rods, cocci and spiral

have filaments that conduct photosynthesis

gas vacuoles for changing depth in water

can fix nitrogen

actinomycetes

filamentous bacteria that lives in the soil

streptomyces

actinomycetes

give soil its musty odor

produces many prescription antibiotics

agrobacterium

gram negative rod

causes plant tumors by injecting a plasmid into wounded plant tissue

bioluminescent bacteria

Gram negative

emits light

often colonizes fish and squid

usually faculatative anaerobes

magnetospirillum

Gram negative, spiral shaped

strength of magnetic crystals that align with the earth’s magnetic field to cause movement

wolbachia

gram negative, pleomorphic rod/cocci

infects insects and worms

could be used in the future to kill insects with disease