Pharm Final: Section 2: cholinergic and adrenergic

What are the three main neurotransmitters of the sympathetic nervous system?

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine

What receptor causes vasoconstriction in blood vessels?

Alpha 1

What receptor increases heart rate and contractility?

Beta 1

What receptor causes bronchodilation?

Beta 2

What does alpha 1 activation do to the bladder sphincter?

Contracts it

What does alpha 1 activation do to the pupils?

Dilates them (mydriasis)

Where is beta 2 mainly found?

Lungs and some blood vessels

What does beta 2 activation do to the bronchioles?

Dilates them

What does beta 2 do to the uterus?

Relaxes it

What does beta 1 do to the kidneys?

Increases renin secretion

What do alpha blockers do to blood vessels?

Cause vasodilation

What are alpha blockers used to treat?

Hypertension and BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia)

What is a common side effect of alpha blockers?

First-dose orthostatic hypotension

What do beta blockers do to the heart?

Decrease heart rate and contractility

What do beta blockers do to renin release?

Decrease it

What are cardioselective beta blockers?

Beta blockers that block only beta 1 receptors

What are nonselective beta blockers?

Block both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors

Why are nonselective beta blockers bad for asthma?

They block beta 2, which can cause bronchoconstriction

What should you monitor when giving beta blockers?

Heart rate and blood pressure

What is a common suffix for beta blockers?

-lol (e.g., metoprolol, propranolol)

What do cholinergic drugs mimic?

The parasympathetic nervous system (rest and digest)

What neurotransmitter do cholinergic drugs act like?

Acetylcholine

What are the two types of cholinergic receptors?

Nicotinic and muscarinic

Where are muscarinic receptors found?

In organs (smooth muscle, heart, glands)

What happens when muscarinic receptors are stimulated?

Increased secretions, decreased heart rate, bronchoconstriction, pupil constriction

What are direct-acting cholinergic drugs used for?

Treating dry mouth and urinary retention

What are indirect-acting cholinergic drugs used for?

Myasthenia gravis and Alzheimer's disease

What are common side effects of cholinergic drugs?

SLUDGE - Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Diarrhea, GI cramps, Emesis

What is the antidote for cholinergic overdose?

Atropine

What should you monitor when giving cholinergic drugs?

Blood pressure, heart rate, and signs of cholinergic crisis

What system do cholinergic-blocking drugs inhibit?

The parasympathetic nervous system

What neurotransmitter do they block?

Acetylcholine

What receptors do they block?

Muscarinic receptors

What is the prototype cholinergic-blocking drug?

Atropine

What are common uses of atropine?

Bradycardia, reducing secretions before surgery, antidote for cholinergic crisis

What are common side effects of anticholinergics?

Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, tachycardia

What are the contraindications for anticholinergics?

Glaucoma, BPH, urinary retention

What is the effect of anticholinergics on the heart?

Increased heart rate

What is the effect on the GI system?

Decreased motility, constipation

What should you monitor when giving anticholinergics?

Heart rate, urine output, bowel sounds