ATI study set 4

Q: What are short and long acting beta-adrenergic agonists for asthma?

A: Albuterol (short-acting) and Salmeterol (long-acting).

Q: What are side effects of beta-adrenergic agonists?

A: Tachycardia, angina, tremors.

Q: Which inhaler should be used first, bronchodilator or steroid?

A: Bronchodilator.

Q: What is Theophylline used for?

A: Long-term control of asthma or COPD.

Q: What are signs of Theophylline toxicity?

A: Dysrhythmias and seizures.

Q: What are complications of Ipratropium?

A: Dry mouth and hoarseness.

Q: What should clients do after using Ipratropium?

A: Rinse mouth to decrease unpleasant taste.

Q: What is Beclomethasone used for?

A: Long-term control of asthma (inhaled corticosteroid).

Q: What is a major complication of inhaled corticosteroids?

A: Oral candidiasis (thrush).

Q: How can oral candidiasis be prevented with inhaled corticosteroids?

A: Rinse mouth or gargle with water after each use.

Q: What is Prednisone used for?

A: Oral glucocorticoid for asthma, inflammation, and immune suppression.

Q: What are complications of Prednisone?

A: Bone loss, hyperglycemia, infection, peptic ulcer disease, adrenal suppression.

Q: What are Leukotriene modifiers used for?

A: Long-term asthma therapy and prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm.

Q: What are examples of Leukotriene modifiers?

A: Montelukast and Zafirlukast.

Q: When should Montelukast be taken?

A: Once daily at bedtime.

Q: What opioid is used as an antitussive for cough suppression?

A: Codeine.

Q: What are complications of Codeine?

A: Sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, potential for abuse.

Q: What is the use of Guaifenesin?

A: Thins mucus for easier expectoration (expectorant).

Q: What should be encouraged when taking Guaifenesin?

A: Increased fluid intake.

Q: What is Acetylcysteine used for?

A: Liquefies secretions in cystic fibrosis; antidote for acetaminophen toxicity.

Q: What are complications of Acetylcysteine?

A: Bronchospasm, nausea, vomiting, rash.

Q: What are common decongestants?

A: Phenylephrine and Pseudoephedrine.

Q: What is a complication of nasal decongestant use?

A: Rebound congestion with prolonged use.

Q: What are examples of antihistamines?

A: Diphenhydramine and Loratadine.

Q: What are complications of antihistamines?

A: Sedation and anticholinergic effects.

Q: What are nasal glucocorticoids used for?

A: Treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Q: What are complications of nasal glucocorticoids like Mometasone?

A: Sore throat, headache, nasal burning.

Q: What is Furosemide used for?

A: Pulmonary edema and hypertension.

Q: What are complications of Furosemide?

A: Dehydration, hypotension, ototoxicity, hypokalemia.

Q: What should be monitored with Furosemide?

A: Blood pressure, I&O, and electrolytes.

Q: What foods are high in potassium?

A: Bananas, oranges, potatoes, spinach.

Q: What is Hydrochlorothiazide used for?

A: Hypertension and heart failure.

Q: What are complications of Hydrochlorothiazide?

A: Dehydration, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia.

Q: What is Spironolactone used for?

A: Hypertension and heart failure (potassium-sparing diuretic).

Q: What are complications of Spironolactone?

A: Hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities.

Q: What is Mannitol used for?

A: Reduce intracranial and intraocular pressure.

Q: What should be used when administering Mannitol IV?

A: Filter needle and filter tubing.

Q: What are ACE inhibitors used for?

A: Hypertension, heart failure, and post-MI care.

Q: What are common ACE inhibitors?

A: Captopril and Lisinopril.

Q: What are complications of ACE inhibitors?

A: Cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, hypotension.

Q: What are ARBs used for?

A: Hypertension and heart failure.

Q: What are examples of ARBs?

A: Losartan and Valsartan.

Q: What are complications of ARBs?

A: Angioedema and hypotension.

Q: What are calcium channel blockers used for?
A: Hypertension and angina.

Q: What are examples of calcium channel blockers?

A: Nifedipine, Verapamil, Diltiazem.

Q: What food should be avoided with calcium channel blockers?

A: Grapefruit juice.

Q: What are side effects of calcium channel blockers?

A: Hypotension, bradycardia, constipation.

Q: What are centrally acting alpha-2 agonists used for?

A: Hypertension.

Q: What is an example of a centrally acting alpha-2 agonist?

A: Clonidine.

Q: What are side effects of Clonidine?

A: Drowsiness and dry mouth.

Q: What are beta-blockers used for?

A: Hypertension, angina, MI, and heart failure.

Q: What are examples of beta-blockers?

A: Metoprolol, Atenolol, Propranolol, Carvedilol, Labetalol.

Q: What are complications of beta-blockers?

A: Bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue, erectile dysfunction.

Q: What are contraindications for nonselective beta-blockers like Propranolol?

A: Asthma (causes bronchoconstriction).

Q: What is Nitroprusside used for?

A: Hypertensive crisis.

Q: What is a major complication of Nitroprusside?

A: Cyanide toxicity and hypotension.

Q: How long can Nitroprusside be safely administered?

A: Up to 3 days maximum.