Y25_Tiếng anh_Chapter 4: The muscular system

Skeletal muscle

(n)_[Count]: Muscle attached to bones that produces voluntary movements.

Cardiac muscle

(n)_[Uncount]: Cơ tim

Striated muscle

(n):

Smooth muscle = Visceral muscle

(n): Muscle in internal organs and blood vessels, involuntary.

Contractility

(n): Khả năng co rút

Extensibility

(n): Khả năng giãn

Excitability

(n): Ability of muscle to respond to stimuli. → Tính hưng phấn

Elasticity

(n): Tính đàn hồi

Involuntary

(adj): Not under conscious control.

Voluntary

(adj): Under conscious control.

Origin

(n): The fixed attachment point of a muscle. → Nguyên ủy (điểm bám cố định của cơ).

Insertion

(n): The moving attachment point of a muscle. → Bám tận (điểm bám di động của cơ).

Motor end-plate

(n): Specialized region where motor neurons communicate with muscle cells.

Neurotransmitter

(n): Chất dẫn truyền thần kinh.

Autorhythmic
Ex: Cardiac muscle is autorhythmic because it contracts without signals from the brain.

(adj): tự phát nhịp

Muscle belly

Visceral muscle

(n): Smooth muscle found in internal organs, responsible for moving substances like food. → Cơ nội tạng.

Exert

Ex:
1, Some managers exert considerable pressure on their staff to work extra hours without being paid.
2, When we exert ourselves, body temperature rises.

(v)_[Trans]
1, to use something such as authority, power, influence, etc. in order to make something happen.

2, … yourself: to make a mental or physical effort. → Gắng sức.

Polio

(n): Bệnh bại liệt

Cerebral palsy

(n): Bệnh bại não

Muscular dystrophy

(n):  A genetic disease causing progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. → Loạn dưỡng cơ

Myasthenia gravis

(n): An autoimmune disease that weakens voluntary muscles. → Bệnh nhược cơ.

Tetanus

(n): Bệnh uốn ván.

Strain

(n): Injury to a muscle or tendon due to overstretching.

Compartment syndrome

(n): Hội chứng chèn ép khoang

Hernia

(n): A condition where an organ pushes through a weak spot in muscle or tissue. → Thoát vị.