Biology 2010: Homeostasis, Body Regions, and Medical Imaging

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis is the ability of a cell or organism to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world.

What is the general mechanism by which our bodies maintain homeostasis?

Negative feedback.

What is the variable in the body temperature regulation system?

Body temperature.

What is the stimulus in the body temperature regulation system?

Change in body temperature.

What are the sensors or receptors in the body temperature regulation system?

Temperature receptors in the skin, organs, and brain.

What is the afferent pathway in the body temperature regulation system?

Temperature-sensitive neurons.

What is the control center in the body temperature regulation system?

Hypothalamus.

What is the efferent pathway in the body temperature regulation system?

Neurons from the hypothalamus.

What are the effectors in the body temperature regulation system?

Sweat glands, blood vessels in the skin, skeletal muscles (shivering).

What does 'cervical' refer to?

Of the neck.

What does 'acromial' refer to?

Of the shoulder.

What does 'axillary' refer to?

Of the armpit.

What does 'antecubital' refer to?

Anterior aspect of the elbow.

What does 'antebrachial' refer to?

Of the forearm (anterior).

What does 'coxal' refer to?

Of the hip.

What does 'glossal' refer to?

Of the tongue.

What does 'patellar' refer to?

Of the anterior knee.

What does 'crural' refer to?

Anterior aspect of the leg.

What does 'pedal' refer to?

Of the foot.

What does 'otic' refer to?

Of the ear.

What does 'cephalic' refer to?

Of the head.

What does 'occipital' refer to?

Posterior aspect of the head.

What does 'brachial' refer to?

Of the arm.

What does 'olecranal' refer to?

Posterior aspect of the arm.

What does 'manual' refer to?

Of the hand.

What does 'lumbar' refer to?

Of the lower back.

What does 'sacral' refer to?

Of the sacrum.

What does 'perineal' refer to?

Region between the anus and external genitalia.

What does 'peroneal' refer to?

Of the lateral aspect of the lower leg.

What does 'popliteal' refer to?

Of the posterior aspect of the knee.

What does 'sural' refer to?

Of the posterior ('calf') of the lower leg.

What does 'calcaneal' refer to?

Of the heel.

What does 'plantar' refer to?

Of the sole of the foot.

What are the three types of medical images?

MRI, CT, and PET.

What anatomical planes are best for analyzing kidneys?

Frontal and transverse planes.

Which plane is best for examining the entire spinal column?

Sagittal plane.

What are the subdivisions of the ventral cavity?

Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

What organs are found in the thoracic cavity?

Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea.

What organs are found in the abdominal cavity?

Liver, gall bladder, stomach, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, large intestine.

What organs are found in the pelvic cavity?

Urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum.

What are the nine abdominopelvic regions?

Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac.

What organ is found in the right hypochondriac region?

Liver.

What organs are found in the epigastric region?

Liver and stomach.

What organ is found in the left hypochondriac region?

Stomach and spleen.

What organ is found in the right lumbar region?

Ascending colon.

What organs are found in the umbilical region?

Small intestine and transverse colon.

What organ is found in the left lumbar region?

Descending colon.

What organ is found in the right iliac region?

Cecum and appendix.

What organs are found in the hypogastric region?

Sigmoid colon, rectum, bladder, some reproductive organs.

What organ is found in the left iliac region?

Sigmoid colon.