nucleotides
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14 Terms
what are nucleotides composed of?
cyclic nitrogenous base
pentose sugar (ribose/deoxyribose)
phosphate group
what are the 2 classes of nitrogenous base
PURINES and PYRMIDINES
what bases are purines?
adenine and guanine
what characterises purines?
two rings
what bases are pyrimidines
cytosol, thymine (only DNA) and uracil (only RNA)
what characterises pyrimidines
1 ring
what are the two types of pentose sugars found in genetic material
ribose (found in RNA)
deoxyribose (found in DNA)
why is deoxyribose favourable for long-term information storage
hydrogen at the 2’ position (rather than an OH) makes it more stable
the 2’ hydroxyl in RNA participates in hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds at neutral pH
lack of an OH in DNA makes it smaller (can fit into active site of DNA polymerase)
what is a nucleoside
purine/pyrimidine base linked to pentose sugar
how are nucleotides linked together
3’-5’ phosphodiester bonds
in what direction does nucleotide synthesis occur?
ALWAYS 5’ to 3’
what is at the 5’ end?
free phosphate
what is at the 3’ end?
free OH group (on pentose sugar)