Pre-test: Chapter 2 - Basic Chemistry: Biomolecules and ATP

Carbohydrates

Which organic molecule serves as the primary, immediate source of cellular fuel for bodies to produce energy?

Polysaccharides

Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are all examples of complex carbohydrates classified as:

Phospholipids

Which type of lipid forms the primary structural foundation of all cellular membranes?

Saturated fats lack double bonds between carbon atoms and have maximum hydrogen atoms attached.

What structural feature distinguishes saturated fats from unsaturated fats?

Proteins

Enzymes act as biological catalysts in the human body. What class of biomolecules do almost all enzymes belong to?

Extreme changes in temperature or pH

What causes a protein to undergo denaturation, losing its specific 3D shape and biological function?

Nucleotides

The building blocks (monomers) of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base called:

Uracil

Which nitrogenous base is found exclusively in RNA molecules instead of Thymine?

Serving as the primary chemical energy currency for cellular work

What primary role does Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) play in cellular biology?

By breaking high-energy phosphate bonds via hydrolysis, converting ATP to ADP

How is usable energy released from a molecule of ATP to perform biological work?