Science 10: How is Hereditary Information Passed From One Generation to the Next?

Flashcards summarizing key concepts from the lecture on heredity and inheritance.

What are true-breeding plants?

Plants that consistently produce offspring with the same traits when self-fertilized.

What are alleles?

Different versions of the same gene found on homologous chromosomes.

What does meiosis produce?

Meiosis creates gametes (sperm or egg) that contain 23 chromosomes.

What is the law of segregation?

It describes how alleles for a characteristic segregate during gamete formation.

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Dominant alleles express a trait while recessive alleles only express their trait if both alleles are recessive.

What does phenotype refer to?

The physical expression of a trait.

What does genotype refer to?

The specific combination of alleles an organism has.

What is the Punnett square used for?

To show the probability of offspring inheriting specific traits based on parent genotypes.

What is codominance?

A genetic scenario where both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype.

What is an example of codominance?

Sickle Cell Anemia, where both normal and sickle-shaped hemoglobin alleles are expressed.

What does incomplete dominance mean?

Neither allele is completely dominant or recessive; the phenotype is a blend of both.

What is a sex-linked trait?

Traits controlled by genes on the sex chromosomes.

What are true-breeding plants?

Plants that consistently produce offspring with the same traits when self-fertilized.

What are alleles?

Different versions of the same gene found on homologous chromosomes.

What does meiosis produce?

Meiosis creates gametes (sperm or egg) that contain 23 chromosomes.

What is the law of segregation?

It describes how alleles for a characteristic segregate during gamete formation.

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Dominant alleles express a trait while recessive alleles only express their trait if both alleles are recessive.

What does phenotype refer to?

The physical expression of a trait.

What does genotype refer to?

The specific combination of alleles an organism has.

What is the Punnett square used for?

To show the probability of offspring inheriting specific traits based on parent genotypes.

What is codominance?

A genetic scenario where both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype.

What is an example of codominance?

Sickle Cell Anemia, where both normal and sickle-shaped hemoglobin alleles are expressed.

What does incomplete dominance mean?

Neither allele is completely dominant or recessive; the phenotype is a blend of both.

What is a sex-linked trait?

Traits controlled by genes on the sex chromosomes.

What does homozygous mean?

An organism has two identical alleles for a specific trait.

What does heterozygous mean?

An organism has two different alleles for a specific trait.