Flashcards lab 3 - brain, spinal cord and ear

longitudinal fissue

separates cerebral hemispheres

corpus callosum

connects the right and left hemispheres

central sulcus

divides the frontal and parietal lobes

lateral sulcus

divides the temporal from the frontal + parietal lobes

parieto-occipital sulcus

divides the parietal and occipital lobes

ventricles

spaces in the brain filled with CSF

sulcus

grooves of the brain

gyrus

bumps/mountains of the brain

fissures

deep sulci

frontal lobe

most anterior lobe

personality, higher level thinking, motor movements

function of the frontal lobe

pre central gyrus

anterior to the central sulcus

voluntary motor movement

function of pre central gyrus

pre motor cortex

anterior to precentral gyrus

planning and organization of movements

function of pre motor cortex

lobotomy

surgical procedure where they remove the frontal lobe

pre frontal cortex

most anterior part of the frontal lobe

personality and high level thinking

function of pre frontal cortex

broca's area

left side of brain, inferior and anterior to lateral sulcus

speech production

function of broca's area

somatosensory information

function of parietal lobe

post central gyrus

gyrus posterior to central sulcus

sensory info processing

function of post central gyrus

somatic sensory association area

posterior to post central gyrus

influence motor activity

function of somatic sensory association area

wernicke's area

posterior to lateral sulcus on the left side of the brain

speech comprehension

function of wernicke's area

broca's aphasia

when an individual can comprehend what is said, but cannot speak fluently

wernicke's aphasia

when an individual finds it hard to comprehend words and speaks nonsense

occipital lobe

lobe associated with vision

occipital pole

most posterior part of occipital lobe; where superior and inferior gyri converge

visual cortex

posterior part of occipital lobe

receives and integrates visual info

function of the visual cortex

visual association cortex

anterior to visual cortex; complex visual info processing

temporal lobe

lobe involving auditory processing

temporal pole

most anterior part of temporal lobe; high order cognitive functions

auditory complex

superior middle part of temporal lobe; integrates/processes auditory signals

auditory association area

posterior to primary auditory cortex; language reception area

insular cortex

deep within the center of the brain; primary cortical processing area for taste

thalamus

relay center for the brain

interthalamic adhesion

connects two parts of the thalamus

hypothalamus

inferior to thalamus; function is hormones

pituitary gland

master gland inferior to hypothalamus

hypophysis

another name for pituitary gland

anterior pituitary

part of pituitary enclosed by the sella turcica connected to brain through blood vessels

posterior pituitary

part of pituitary connected to brain through neurons

infundibulum

connects posterior pituitary gland to hypothalamus

basal ganglia

deep structure within the brain dealing with motor control

sustantia nigra

structure inferior to basal ganglia dealing with suppressing unwanted motor contraction

midbrain

most superior part of brainstem

quadrigeminal plate

posterior part of midbrain

superior colliculus

top bump of quadrigeminal plate

inferior colliculus

bottom bumb of quadrigeminal plate

relays visual info

function of superior colliculus

relays auditory info

function of inferior colliculus

pons

middle portion of brainstem

medulla oblongata

inferior part of brainstem

4th ventricle

what ventricle is directly posterior to the pons

pineal gland

structure near brain stem that produces melatonin

cerebellum

structure in posterior inferior part of brain that's involved with balance, posture, equilibrium

arbor vitae

branches within the cerebellum

epidural space

superficial to dura mater

periosteal dura mater, meningeal dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

meningeal layers of the skull superior to inferior

sub dural space

spaces in-between dura mater layers that recycles CSF

subarachnoid space

space in-between arachnoid and pia mater that contains CSF

arachnoid granulation

part of subarachnoid space that sticks int the dural venous sinus; allows CSF draining

hippocampus

inferior medial part of temporal lobe; involved in memory and learning

amygdala

base of the hippocampus involved in emotions and decision making

fornix

connects the hippocampus areas

vertebral column

posterior midline of axial skeleton

vertebral body

part of a vertebra that transfers weight along the axis of the vertebral column; supports body weight

spinous process

posterior part of vertebrae for attachment of muscles/ligaments

vertebral foramen

opening in the middle of each vertebrae that holds spinal cord and mininges

gray matter

in spinal cord, deep and contains cell bodies

white matter

in spinal cord, superficial and contains axons

central canal

middle of spinal cord that contains CSF

median sulcus

groove down the middle of spinal cord

mammillary body

inferior to medial hypothalamus and function is recollective memory "to recall something"

conus medullaris

occurs at L1-L2, the tip of the spinal cord nerves

intervertebral foramen

opening in between each vertebral body that connects spinal nerves to spinal cord

anterior median sulcus

a deeper longitudinal groove on the anterior part of the spinal cord

posterior median sulcus

a longitudinal shallow groove on the posterior side of the spinal cord

rami communicans

nerve that connects two other nerves

white communican

more lateral communican

gray communican

more medial communican

sympathetic trunk

allows nerve fibers to travel to spinal nerves above and below where they originate

sympathetic ganglion

bubble sections of the sympathetic trunk

auricle

external ear

external auditory canal

canal from auricle through the external acoustic meatus

tympanic membrane

the eardrum; sound waves hit this and cause vibrations

malleus

middle ear bone that attaches to the tympanic membrane

incus

middle middle ear bone

stapes

last middle ear bone; smallest bone in the body

stapedius

smallest muscle in the body

petrous

part of the temporal bone that contains the inner ear structures

semicircular canals

what structures detect rotational movement

utricle

what structures detect horizontal movement

saccule

what structures detect vertical movement

perilymph

what is the scala vestibuli filled with

endolymph

what is the cochlear duct filled with