physical assessment week 1

flat nonpalpable change in skin color

macule

larger than 1 cm with irregular border

patch

Elevated solid palpable mass circumsized border

< than 0,5cm

moles

papule

Papule group that formed legions larger than 0.5cm

Psoriasis, actinic ,keratosis, lichen planus

plaque

elevates solid lesion >2cm diameter

tumor

vesicle (HERPES)

elevates fluid-filled >1 cm

bulla (like big version of vesicles) (think BUrns for BUlla)

elevated pus filled lesion

pustule

elevated reddish area irregular border size that varries

wheals (think allergies and insect bites)

elevates, encapsulated lesion containing fluid or semisolid material >1 cm

cyst

thinning or wasting of the skin, often with a wrinkled or transparent appearance

atrophy

dries exudate or secretion on the surface of the skin

crust

loss of the superficial layer of skin often moist and shallow

erosion

linear of the superficial layer of skin, often moist and shallow

fissure

Elevated, thickened scar tissue that extends beyond the site of the original injury or incision

keloid

Thickened, roughened skin with exaggerated skin markings, often due to chronic rubbing or scratching

lichenification

flaking or shedding of the outer layer of skin, often small or large patches

scales (sheds like animal scales)

Fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after injury or surgery, often pale or white in color

scar

ulcer

nodule

Changes indicating Malignancy “A”

asymmetry

Changes indicating Malignancy “B”

borders uneven

Changes indicating Malignancy “C"

Color; different colors or changes in color

Changes indicating Malignancy “D“

Diameters: larger than 6mm / 1/14 in

Changes indicating Malignancy “E“

Evolution changes in size shape color or other traits

pallor can be caused by…..

pain, loss of oxygenated skin looks white- ish

absesnce of color is caused by …

loss of melanin, albinism or vitiligo

cyanosis is caused by …

decreased oxygenation or circulation

reddish blue tone is caused by…

polycythemia, venous stasis, dependant rubor

erythema is caused by

inflammation infection fever rash sunburn

(BERYthema → strawBERY = REDNESS)

jaundice is caused by

liver issues (yellow skin )

webber test placment

fork to forehead

rinne test position

by the ear

what is heard with the percussion sound “Tympany” and where is it expected

loud high pitch drum like (organ filled with air ex.intestines)

🪘🥁

what is heard with the percussion sound “resonance” and where is it expected

loud low pitch hollow tone (lungs)

what is heard with the percussion sound “hyperresonance” and where is it expected

loud low pitch booming, longer duration (COPD air lungs)

“hyper”resonance = kids are hyper= they are low in height and loud ….. “resonance” → lungs

what is heard with the percussion sound “dullness” and where is it expected

medium pitch, thuds, short (solid organs, bowel full of stool)

what is heard with the percussion sound “flatness” and where is it expected

high pitch tine, very soft, very short duration (muscle/ bones)