AP World Unit 8 21-43

Long March

(1934-1935)- strategic retreat that cemented Mao’s status

“Two Chinas”

Creation of “__**________**__” : Mao’s communist China and Chiang’s nationalist China in Taiwan

Great-Leap Forward

1958 __**“________”**__  Plan to modernize China and turn China into an industrial power

Sino-Soviet Spilt

Creates a bid for leadership of the communist movement

Cultural Revolution

Mao announces a _____. Hides the __**mistakes**__ of the Great Leap Forward. Mao’s __**“Little Red Book”**__ spread his ideology. Re-motivates the __**revolutionary**__ movement

Tiananmen Square

__**In 1989 Students peacefully demonstrated in Beijing’s**__ **_________ for the political reform Deng’s changes lacked.** Demanded greater freedom and **democracy.** Demonstrators refused to break up

Chiang Kai-Shek

Nationalist leader of the Guomindang Party who united China in 1928. Faced a constant struggle with communist and Japanese invaders

Mao Zedong

Was a communist leader

Taiwan

1949- Mao drove Chiang Kai Shek out of mainland China

Shek retreated to island of **________.**

People’s Republic of China

The **____________** (Communist China) was not allowed to join the __**United Nations**__

Red Guards

Mao gathers 11 million students to meet in Beijing as **_______.**

Deng Xiaoping

__**1976**__- Mao died  and __**_______**__ became China’s leader

Ho Chi Minh

leader of Communist North Vietnam. Received aid from China and the Soviet Union

Viet Cong

South Vietnamese Communist that supported the North. Used Guerilla warfare

Indian National Congress

formed in 1885, main organization dedicated to Indian Independence

Muslim League

Gandhi tried to convince Muslims (led by __**Muhammad Ali Jinnah**__ of the **_________**), Hindus and Britain not to divide India into 2 __**separate**__ nations.

Passive Resistance

Gandhi developed policy of _________

Civil Disobedience

Gandhi urged Indians to disobey unjust British Laws

Salt March

1930- Led the _____ to protest the British Salt tax

Cottage Industries

Gandhi encourage Indians to boycott British Cotton goods and to buy homemade goods.

Pan Africanism

the belief that all Africans shared a common identity

Single Party System

In the 1980s, the military or **__________** ruled many African nations.

Tribalism

The concept of nationhood was __**undermined by warring ethnic groups (**__**_________**__**)**__ because originally national boundaries had been drawn __**arbitrarily**__ by colonial powers (__**Berlin Conference**__)

Mohandas Gandhi

Leader of the National Indian Congress

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Pakistan was a Muslim Nation led by ______. (Led the Muslim League)

Jawaharlal Nehru

India was a Hindu Nation led by _______

W.E.B. Dubois

A Harvard-educated African American who tried to make all Africans aware of their cultural heritage.

Marcus Garvey

 A Jamaican who lived in Harlem stressed the need for unity of all Africans (Pan-Africanism)

Jomo Kenyatta

Argued that British rule was destroying native culture in Kenya.

Leopold Senghor

 Organized an independence movement in Senegal.

Nmamdi Azikiwi

Started a Newspaper called the West African Pilot and urged nonviolence as a method to gain independence

Ghana

He refused to support Britain

Charles DeGaulle

Granted Algeria its independence in 1962

Droughts/AIDS

____ __and__ _____ and population growth have crippled some African Economy and a serious problem in Sub-Saharan Africa.

General Ojukwu

Organized the rebellion and declared the east an independent state called Biafra.

Hutus/Tutsis

In central Africa, fighting between ______ created unstable governments in Burundi and Rwanda.

Mandate System

1920’s: British and the French divided up the Middle East under a League of Nations “_______”

Pan Arabism

By 1953, now independent Egypt under leader __**Gamal Abdel Nasser**__ sought to unite all Arab nations.

Balfour Declaration

  1917: Declared Britain to be in favor of establishing "a national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine. \n Jews began to migrate to Palestine.

White Paper

1937- After pressure by Arabs, Britain limited immigration to 75,000 additional Jews.

General Abdel Nasser

Created Pan Arabism

Suez Canal

He hoped to get support to force the British out of the __**_______**__ and to get weapons to fight against Israel.  

Theodor Herzi

writer who fought for the creation of the Jewish state of Israel (1800s)

UN Partition Plan

After WWII, the U.N. proposed __**dividing the remaining territory into a Jewish and an Arab State.**__

Kwame Ojukwu

Under the guidance of __**__________**__, __**Ghana**__ was the first former British colony to gain independence (1957).

Israeli War for Independence

1948- Beat back the invading Arab armies; Israel won the war (Doubled it’s territory and gained one half of Jerusalem).