Psychology Vocab Mod 2.3

Memory

Any indication that learning has persisted over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

Explicit Memory

Retention of facts and experiences that we can consciously know and “declare” (also called declarative memory)

Episodic Memory

Explicit memory of personally experienced events; one of our two conscious memory systems (other is semantic)

Semantic Memory

Explicit memory of facts and general knowledge; one of our two conscious memory systems (other is episodic)

Implicit Memory

Retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection (also called nondeclarative memory)

Procedural Memory

Prospective Memory

Neurogenesis

The formation of new neurons

Long-Term Potentiation

An increase in a nerve cell’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation; a neural basis for learning and memory

Working Memory

A newer understanding of short-term memory; conscious, active processing of both incoming sensory information and information retrieved from long-term memory

Visuospatial Sketchpad

A memory component that briefly holds information about objects’ appearance and location in space

Long-Term Memory

The relatively permanent and limitless archive of the memory system, including knowledge, skills, and experiences

Multi-Store Model

Sensory Memory

the immediate, brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

Central Executive

A memory component that coordinates the activities of the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad

Phonological Loop

A memory component that briefly holds auditory information

Iconic Memory

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second

Echoic Memory

A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds

Shallow Processing

Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words

Deep Processing

encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention

Automatic Processing

Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of familiar or well-learned information, such as sounds, smells, and word meanings

Effortful Processing

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Encoding

Getting information into the memory system

Storing

Retaining encoded information over time

Retrieval

Getting information out of memory storage

Structural Processing

Phonemic Processing

Semantic Processing