PSY 350 Purdue exam 1

naturalistic method

observation in a natural environment

correlational method

co-variation of 2+ variables

epidemiological method

tracks rates in a population

case study

studies one individual in great depth

kinship study

map of relative roles of hereditary and environment

experimental method

independent and dependent variable

internal validity

does the independent variable affect the dependent variable?

external validity

can this be applied to a larger population (generalize)?

construct validity

is it generally valid? do the theoretical constructs account for the results?

Hipocrates

humors that control human emotion: phlegm, yellow bile, black bile, blood

Griesinger & Kraeplin

mental illness has a biological basis

genetics role

creates a predisposition

charlot & breuer

used hypnosis (influenced by Freud)

freud's psychodynamic model

id - pleasure

ego - what one does in the world, created defense mechs

superego - controls id

Neo-freudians

Jung : analytic psych, self awareness and direction

Adler: individual psych, inferiority/superiority complex

psychodynamic perspective

critiqued sexism lack, of empirical science, the unconscious, and constructs

learning perspective

classical: association

operant: consequences

social cognitive theory

we learn by observing others

benefit of learning perspective?

very efficient in therapy

humanistic perspective

focuses on human drive for self actualization

cognitive perspective

how we view reality based on info, memories, thought processes

mental illness = ? according to cognitive perspective

maladaptive thought patterns

Albert Ellis' ABC

activating event, belief, consequence

sociocultural perspective

mental illness is a social construct, hard to separate socioeconomic status and cultural biases, stigma

downward drift hypothesis

ses causes mental illness, less resources

who's famous for the sociocultural perspective and what is his view on mental illness

thomas szasz, believed mental illness treatments were a method of control (involuntary commitment) criticized medical model forming passive patients, problems in living

Biopsychosocial perspective

mental illness rooted in biology, psych, and sociocultural causes, aka interactionist, most common

diathesis stress model

some people are genetically predisposed to mental illness, interaction of environment

psychodynamic therapy

based on freud, free association, dream analysis

behavior therapy

systematic desensitization, self-monitoring, skills training, aversive therapy (bad behavior punishment)

antipsychotic drugs

reduce dopamine production, relieve positive symptoms of schizophrenia can worsen negative symptoms, diabetes

anti-depressants (least to most prescribed)

MAOI, tricyclic, SSRI

tranquilizers (anti-anxiety)

increases levels of GABA, addiction, xanax, rebound anxiety

mental health care today

therapy, community mental health care centers, primary and secondary prevention

scientist practitioner gap

disconnect between researchers and practitioners

DSM ed. 5

groups mental disorder using defined diagnostic criteria, atheoretical (just focuses on symptoms), culture bound syndromes

reliability

is it consistent? across disorders?

validity

does is measure what is claims to measure? strong with mood disorders weak with personality disorders

advantages of the DSM

structured framework, common vocab, guides formulation of diagnoses

disadvantages

medical model, up to interpretation, disorders are not yes/no, stigma, some disorders aren't well supported, cultural/political influence, giving one an excuse for bad behavior

internal consistency

across similar questions

temporal stability

over different administrations

interrater stability

2 different psychologists get the same conclusions

projective tests

test taker projects unconscious conflicts and motives onto an ambiguous stimulus

objective tests

self report tests

rorsach

inkblot test

most commonly used personality test

minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

neuropsychological methods

bender: copying shapes from memory

halsted-reitan: categorization, cognition, slow to administer

behavioral methods

method of functional analysis, behavioral diary

cognitive methods

physiological methods

EEG

CAT, MRI: brain structure

PET, FMRI, BEAM: brain activity