Lesson 1: Cardiovascular System

Epicardium

• Protective outermost layer of the heart wall

• Part of the pericardium

Endocardium

• Innermost layer

• lines the atria, ventricles, and heart valves

Myocardium

Muscular layer of the heart

Pericardium

Outermost area of the heart, a membrane that surrounds the heart and secretes pericardial fluid.

Tricuspid Valve

Valve located between right atrium and right ventricle.

Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve

Valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Systole

The period during which the heart chamber is contracting, and blood is being ejected. (Top number)

Diastole

The period of relaxation of the heart during which the chamber is filling. (Bottom number)

Myocardial infarction

Heart attack

Ischemia

Restriction of the flow of oxygen-rich blood.

Diaphresis

Profuse sweating

Pulmonary Valve

Aortic Valve

Aorta

Sends oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.

Superior vena cava

Brings deoxygenated blood from the head and arms to the heart

Inferior vena cava

Brings deoxygenated blood from the abdimen and legs into the heart

Artery/Arteriole

Carry blood away from the heart (oxygenated)

Vein/Venule

Carry blood to the heart from the body (deoxygenated)

Capillaries

• Smallest blood vessels

• Connects arteries to veins

Gas Exchange

• Pulmonary arteries to lungs

• Pulmonary veins from lungs

Heart Rate

Number of times your heart beats per minute

Heart Rhythm

Synchronized pumping action of the four heart chambers

SA (Sinoatrial) Node

• Located in Right Atrium

• Pacemaker of the heart

• Sends out an electrical impulse

AV (Atrioventricular) Node

• Between atria and just above ventricles

• Sends an impulse into the ventricles

• Ventricles → Bundle of His → Bundle of Branches → Purkinje Fibers

Bundle of His

• Between ventricles

• Right and left bundle branches

• Sends impulse to Purkinje fibers

Purkinje Fibers

• Located at lateral walls of ventricles

• Ventricles contract

Blood Pressure

The force blood exerts on the inner walls of blood vessels.

Angina

Chest pain

Atherosclerosis

Plaque build up inside your arteries and restrict blood flow

Hypertension

• High blood pressure

• Narrowing of the arteries

Coronary Artery Disease

Buildup of fat and cholesterol in the arteries.

Aneurysm

A bulge or “ballooning” in the wall of an artery.

Congestive Heart Failure

Heart doesn’t pump blood as efficiently as it should.

Thrombophlebitis

Blood clot forms blocking veins in usually the legs.

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Mitral valve does not close smoothly or evenly, causes backflow of blood.