D: Population formulas

[(total births)/(total population)] * 100

Birth rate (%)

[(total deaths)/(total population)]*100

Death rate (%)

Number of births per 1000 individuals per year

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Number of deaths per 1000 individuals per year

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

(CBR - CDR)/10

Growth rate (R): CBR/CDR

[(total births + total immigration - total deaths - total emigration)/(total population)]*100

Growth rate (R): population inputs/outputs

70/r

Doubling time