getting the most of reactants

What is the actual yield

The quantity of desired product formed under the prevailing reaction conditions

What is % yield

Provides a measure of the degree where the limiting reagent is converted into the desired product

Theoretical yield

Quantity of desired product obtained, assuming full conversion of the limiting reagent as calculated from the balanced equation

Atom economy

measures the proportion of total mass of starting materials converted in a balanced equation

Environmental considerations when designing industrial process

Minimising waste

Avoiding producing toxic substances

Designing biodegradable products if needed

Feedstock

Raw material used to provide reactants for an industrial reaction

Molar volume

Volume occupied by one mole of gas at certain temperatures and pressure

How are industrial processess designed

Maximise profit and minimise Impact on environment

Factors affecting industrial design

Product yield, marketability of by product, energy requirements, opportunity to recycle, availiability or cost of feedstock

Controlled reaction rate in industrial process

Rates too low, process will not be economical

Rates to high, risk of explosion