cardiovascular

What does an artery do

Carries blood away from the heart under high pressure

What are the 3 layers of an artery

Tunica interna, tunica media and tunica externa

Where do veins transport blood

Towards the heart under a low pressure

What type of lumen does an artery have and why

Narrow to cope with pressure

What type of lumen does a vein have and why

Large cause of lower pressures

What type of blood does a vein carry

Deoxygenated blood

What are the 3 types of capillaries

Continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal

How wide is a capillary

5-20 um

Where does the right side of the heart send blood

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Where does the left side of the heart send blood

Oxygenated to the rest of the body

4 types of valves

Tricuspid, pulmonary, aortic, mitral

What do papillary muscles do

Anchor the valves

What is the inner lining

Endocardium

What is the muscular layer

Myocardium

What is the outer layer

Epicardium

What is the protective sac called

Parietal and fibrous pericardium

What does the right pulmonary artery do

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the right lung

What does the left pulmonary artery do

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the left lung

What is the aortic arch

The curved portion of the aorta that distributes oxygenated blood to the head, neck and arms

What brings deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium

Superior vena cava

What brings deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium

Inferior vena cava

Which valve Prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle

Pulmonary valve

Which valve controls blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle

Tricuspid valve

Which valve controls blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle

Mitral

What valve prevents back flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle

Aortic

Where does the right atrium receive blood from (is it oxygenated or deoxygenated)

Deoxygenated blood to the body via the vena cava

Where does the right ventricle pump blood to(is it oxygenated or deoxygenated)

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs via pulmonary arteries

Where does the left atrium receive blood from (is it oxygenated or deoxygenated)

Oxygenated blood to the lungs via pulmonary veins

Where does the left ventricle pump blood (is it oxygenated or deoxygenated)

Oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta

Where is the SA node located

Right atrium

What does the SA node do

Acts as the hearts natural pacemaker and initiates the electrical impulse that starts each heartbeat

What carries an impulse from SA node across the atria to the AV node

Intermodal pathways

Where is the AV node located

Between the atria and ventricles

What does the AV node do

Delays the impulse to allow ventricles to fill with blood before contracting

What transmits the impulse from the AV node to the ventricles

Bundle of his

What do purkinje fibres do

Spread the impulse through ventricular walls

What does th P wave of an ECG reflect

Atrial depolarisation

What is the PR interval

Time between atrial and ventricular depolarization

What does the QRS complex represent

Ventricular depolarisation

What does the T wave represent on an ecg

Ventricular repolarization

What is the stroke volume

The amount of fluid pumped around

What is the cardiac output formula

Stroke volume x heart rate = cardiac output

Resting heart rate of adults

60-80

Resting heart rate in a child 85-90

Normal blood pressure

120/80

What is systolic pressure

The blood pressure exerted on the blood vessel walls when the heart contracts

What is diastole

The blood pressure exerted on blood vessel walls when the heart is relaxed

Low bp leads to the release of what hormones

Renin from kidneys, angiotensin from the liver

What does potassium do

Repolarises cardiac muscle