Untitled Flashcard Set

What is an IP Address?

A number that identifies, in a logical and hierarchical way, a network interface that uses the IP protocol.

What is a Mask in IP configuration?

A set of bits that determines which part of the IP corresponds to the network and which to the host.

What is a Default Gateway?

A device that serves as a link between two networks, directing traffic between them; it's where a network device will send a packet if it doesn't know where to send it.

What is a DNS Server?

Equipment that translates DNS names (easy for people to remember) into IP addresses.

What is the minimum configuration required for network communication using TCP/IP?

IP address and mask.

What additional configuration is required to communicate via the internet?

Default gateway and DNS.

What is Manual Configuration in TCP/IP?

The computer administrator manually sets the computer's IP, mask, gateway, and DNS.

What is Automatic Configuration in TCP/IP?

The computer configures itself when it starts by making a configuration request.

What does DHCP stand for?

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

What is the function of DHCP?

It is a TCP/IP service protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses to network devices for a period of time.

What is BOOTP?

The predecessor of DHCP that dynamically assigns IP addresses to network devices for a leased period.

What is Dynamic Assignment in DHCP?

The DHCP server assigns an IP address to a client temporarily for a period of time.

What is Automatic Assignment in DHCP?

The DHCP server assigns an IP address to the client when it contacts for the first time, and it remains until released.

What is Manual Assignment in DHCP?

The administrator manually configures the client IP addresses on the DHCP server.

How can you ensure a computer always has the same IP?

Manually configure it in the computer's network settings or use a DHCP server to assign an IP based on MAC address.

What happens if a DHCP client requests an IP after the lease has expired?

The client may or may not receive the same IP assigned previously.

What is the Link-local address range?

The network 169.254.0.0/16, not routed to the Internet, can be self-assigned by clients when no DHCP server is found.

What ports do the DHCP server and client use?

67/UDP for server and 68/UDP for client.

What are the stages of the DHCP process?

Discovery, Offer, Request, and Acknowledgement.

What does the DHCP DISCOVER message do?

It is launched by the client to discover a DHCP server and request an IP.

What happens if the client doesn't receive a DHCP OFFER after a DISCOVER?

It tries again at specific intervals and may auto-configure itself with an APIPA address if unsuccessful.

What is the purpose of the DHCP REQUEST message?

It is sent to accept an offered IP, renew an IP, or confirm that a previously assigned IP is correct.

What does the DHCP ACK message indicate?

It is the acknowledgement from the server granting an IP address to the client.

What is a DHCP NACK?

A broadcast sent by the DHCP server indicating that the IP is incorrect.

When does a DHCP client try to renew its IP address?

After half the lease time and if it fails, again when 87.5% of the time has passed.

Why does the DHCP server save assignments in a file?

To keep a record of which IPs have already been assigned in case it stops and restarts.

Why does the client save its IP assignment?

To request the last granted IP the next time it needs an IP.