PUBH 1

Infectious agents

Bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and prions.

Epidemiologic surveillance

The monitoring of disease patterns to detect outbreaks and develop timely public health responses.

Benefits of immunization

Prevents outbreaks, protects vulnerable populations, and can lead to eradication of diseases (e.g., smallpox).

Antibiotic resistance development

Through misuse and overuse of antibiotics, allowing more lethal bacterial strains to evolve.

Drug resistance effect

Makes infections harder and costlier to treat, increases mortality rates.

Factors contributing to disease re-emergence

Environmental changes, urbanization, international travel, poverty, and lack of public health infrastructure.

Globalization impact on disease spread

Increases the speed and reach of disease transmission across borders.

Public health's role in emergency response

Disease monitoring, vaccine distribution, communication, and coordination during disasters.

Incident Command System (ICS)

A standardized structure for organizing and managing emergency response efforts.

Causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD)

High blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, poor diet, and lack of exercise.

Risk factor presence determinants

Genetics, lifestyle, environment, and social determinants.

Public health approaches to chronic disease prevention

Education, early screening, promoting healthy lifestyles, and policy interventions.

Public health's role in genetic disorders

Newborn screening, genetic counseling, education, and research to prevent death and disability.

Advertising impact on youth smoking

Encouraged early tobacco use; led to restrictions like banning ads targeting youth.

Factors affecting diet

Income, education, food availability, and cultural norms shape eating habits.

Companies encouraging overeating

Portion sizes, marketing tactics, sugary drinks, convenience foods.

Public health strategies to increase physical activity

School PE programs, community recreation, safe walk/bike routes, urban design.

U.S. aging trends

Increase in older adults due to longer lifespans and aging baby boomers.

Behaviors impacting elderly health

Diet, exercise, social engagement, medication adherence, fall prevention.

Promoting health in old age

Preventive care, chronic disease management, physical activity, social programs.

Risk factors for poor infant health

Low birthweight, premature birth, smoking during pregnancy, inadequate prenatal care.

Barriers to prenatal care

Cost, transportation, lack of knowledge, stigma, limited access to providers.

Public health interventions for infant health

Folic acid supplements, smoking cessation programs, newborn screenings, safe sleep campaigns (SIDS prevention).

Leading categories of injury death

Motor vehicle crashes, falls, poisoning, firearms, drowning.

Public health approach to injury prevention

Surveillance, risk identification, intervention development, policy implementation.

Driver-targeted injury control methods

Seatbelt laws, DUI laws, speed limits, airbags.

Three Es of injury prevention

Education, Enforcement, Engineering.

Gun permissiveness impact on public health

Increases gun-related injuries and deaths, including suicides and homicides.

Mental disorder prevalence by sex and age

Women: higher anxiety and depression; Men: more substance use. Prevalence higher in young adults.

Stressors leading to mental illness

Unemployment, divorce, trauma, financial hardship, chronic illness.