GCSE Chemistry: chemical changes

A set of flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to atomic structure and the periodic table as outlined in the GCSE Chemistry lecture notes.

Reactivity Series

A list of metals in order of decreasing reactivity.

Displacement Reaction

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound.

Ionic Equation for Displacement

The representation of the displacement reaction, e.g., Mg + cu(NO3)2 → Mg(NO3)2 + Cu

Reduction

The gain of electrons.

Oxidation

The loss of electrons.

Acid

A substance that produces H ions in solution.

Base

A substance that can neutralize an acid, including alkalis which are soluble bases.

pH Scale

A scale from 0 to 14 that measures how acidic or alkaline a solution is.

Neutralisation Reaction

The reaction between an acid and a base to produce salt and water.

Hydrogen Gas Test

Hydrogen makes a squeaky pop with a lit splint.

Electrolysis

The breakdown of a compound using electricity.

Cathode Products in Electrolysis of Molten Compounds

The metal (positive ion gains electrons).

Anode Products in Electrolysis of Molten Compounds

The non-metal (negative ion loses electrons).

Electrolysis of Water Half Equation at Cathode

2H + 2e → H2.

Electrolysis of Water Half Equation at Anode

4OH → O2 + 2H2O + 4e

Cryolite in Aluminium Electrolysis

It is used to lower the melting point to save energy.

Carbon Anodes in Aluminium Electrolysis

They need replacing because they react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide.