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Feral children
Children that have been raised by animals in the wilderness
Nature agreement
Says that we are born to be the kinds of human being we will ultimately become
Nurture agreement
Says that we are the way we are because of the way we are nurtured
Looking-glass self
The idea that as humans we develop a self-image that reflect how others see and respond to us
Significant symbol in communication
A gesture that arouses in the individual the same kind of response as it is supposed to elicit from those to whom the gesture is addressed
Complex symbolic interaction
Interaction based on significant symbols
The mind is
An internal conversation using words and images
The self is
The ability to take oneself as an object
The play stage
Children are not born with a sense of self. This is when children learn how to take on the attitude of specific others towards themselves.
The game stage
When children begin to develop a self in a fuller sense when they take on the roles of a group of people simultaneously
The generalized other
Includes the roles, prescriptions, and proscriptions that individuals use to develop their own behaviors, attitudes, and so forth
“The I”
The immediate response of an individual. Its the part of the self that is unconscious, incalculable, unpredictable, and creative
The “me”
The organized set of others’ attitudes and behaviors adopted by the individual. Involves the acceptance and internalization by the individual of the generalized other.
The individual as a performer
Goffman’s view of an individual’s social life as a series of dramatic performances akin to those that take place on a theatrical stage
The front stage
Where the social performance tends to be idealized and designed to define the situation for those who are observing it
The back stage
Where people feel free to express themselves in ways that are suppressed in the front
Socialization
The process in which an individual learns and generally comes to accept the ways of a group or a society of which he or she is a part of
Primary agents of socialization
Friends and family
Secondary agents of socialization
The education system, media, and consume culture
Anticipatory socialization
The teaching and learning of what will be expected of one in the future
Reverse socialization
The socialization of those who normally do the socializing
Peer socialization is a form of ______ socialization
Informal
Peer influence mechanisms
Fear of loss of status and presence of onlookers
Socialization into being a ___ reinforces __ ____
Consumer; social inequities
Total institution
A closed, all-encompassing place of residence and work set off from the rest of society that meets all the needs of those enclosed in it
Need for resocialization due to
Changes in societal values and norms, family changes, geographic boiling, and changes associated with aging
Subordinates are an ______ to some degree in superordinate-subordinate interactions
Active party
Interaction
A rational process in which those involves seek to maximize rewards and minimize costs
Reciprocity importance
Those engaged in interaction expect to give and receive rewards of roughly equal value
Conversation analysis
Spawned by methodology, how people do, or accomplish conversations
Interaction order
Social domain that is organized and orderly
Status
A position within a social system occupied by people, a role is what is generally expected of a person who occupies a given status
Ascribed status
Status that is not chosen and is a position a person acquires based on accomplishment of the nature of capabilities
Master status
A position that is more important than any other status for the person and all others involved
Role conflict
Conflicting expectations associated with a given position or multiple positions
Role overload
When people are confronted with more expectations that’s they can possibly handle
Dyad
2 person group
Triad
3 person group
Strength of weak ties
Weak ties can have great power because they allow people to move more easily between groups and group members
Group
A relatively small number of people who over time develop a patterned relationship based on interaction with one another
Queue vs group
People in a queue likely won’t interact with each other and develop patterned relationships
Primary group
Small, close-knit groups that have intimate face-to-face interactions. People closely identify with these groups
Secondary groups
Generally large groups that are impersonal and relatively weak ties. The members don’t know each other well and aren’t very powerful
Reference groups
Groups that people take into consideration when evaluating themselves
In-group
A group in which people belong and with which they identify perhaps strongly
Out-group
A group where outsiders belong
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Flashcard (21)