Amendments

I

I

Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition

Establishment clause: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion (cannot establish a religion)

Free Establishment Clause: prohibits gov from interfering with practicing religion

II

Right to keep & bear arms

III

No quartering of soldiers

IV

Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures; sets requirements for search warrants based on probable income

*Unreasonable Search and Seizure has 4 words!

V

Right to grand jury, indictment, no double jeopardy, freedom of self-incrimination, due process of law

Due Process Clause:

VI

Right to a fair & speedy trial

Guarantees a speedy trial, and impartial jury, but the accused and witness that shows has a lawyer

VII

Right of trial by jury

VIII

bans cruel & unusual punishment, no excessive fines or bails

IX

unenumerated rights; government cannot infringe on ppl’s rights

X

Power to the states (those not the people or federal government are reserved for the states)

XI

Immunity of states from being sued by non-residents of that state

XII

President and VP are elected separately

*12 eliminated the prob where P & VP were political opponents under the OG Const, which chose between 1st & 2nd (12!)

XIII

abolishes slavery

XIV

defines citizenship, naturalization, equal protection

Equal Protection Clause: emphasizes that laws must provide equal protection to all people

XV

universal male suffrage (black men get the right to vote)

XVI

income tax collection by Congress

XVII

Direct election of senators

XVIII

prohibition of alcohol

XIX

Women’s suffrage

XX

fixes dates of term commencements of congress and president

XXI

Repeals 18th

XXII

2 terms only per president

*2 terms = 2 of 2 in #22 hehe

XXIII

Provides representation for DC

* Provided 3 electors for DC to give them representation in EC; 3 —> 23?

XXIV

Prohibits Poll Tax

XXV

defines process of presidential succesion

XXVI

Voting age is 18

XXVII

no congress pay raises until election