ATI TEAS7 - science (union test prep)

Which vitamin is mainly synthesized within the human body?

A) Vitamin A

B) Vitamin D

C) Vitamin C

D) Vitamin E

B) Vitamin D

Unlike other vitamins that are typically obtained from the diet, Vitamin D is unique in that it is produced in the skin in response to sunlight exposure.

Which organelle contains its own separate DNA and is the site of cellular respiration?

A) Golgi apparatus

B) Lysosome

C) Mitochondrion

D) Nucleus

C) Mitochondrion

Hormones that regulate the level of glucose in the blood are secreted by the __.

A) Thyroid

B) Liver

C) Duodenum

D) Pancreas

D) Pancreas

In a chemical reaction:

Sulfuric acid + substance X = salt + water

What could substance X be?

A) Magnesium sulfate

B) Copper (II) oxide

C) Sodium hydroxide

D) Potassium

C) Sodium hydroxide

Two sugar solutions are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water but not to sugar. The left solution has a solute concentration of 5% & the right solution has a solute concentration of 10%. Which explains best?

A) Sugar molecules will move from right to left due to diffusion.

B) Water molecules will move left and right equally, and there will be no net movement of water.

C) Water will move from right to left due to osmosis.

D) Water will move from left to right due to osmosis.

D) Water will move from left to right due to osmosis.

Which of these make up a macromolecule of fat?

A) One glycerol molecule, one sugar molecule, & two fatty acid molecules

B) One glycerol molecule & three fatty acid molecules

C) One glycerol molecule, one phosphate molecule, & two fatty acid molecules

D) One ester molecule & two fatty acid molecules

B) One glycerol molecule & three fatty acid molecules

Fill in the blanks:

Enzymes are ____ that work best at ____ pH or temperature.

A) Biological catalysts, optimum

B) Organic catalysts, minimum

C) Chemical substances, moderate

D) Inorganic catalysts, maximum

A) Biological catalysts, optimum

Five types of bone are listed below. Of these, which types are found in the wrists and hands?

A: Long bones

B: Flat bones

C: Short bones

D: Sesamoid bones

E: Irregular bones

A) B, C

B) C, D, E

C) A, B

D) A, C, D

D) A, C, D

The cylindrical bones of the fingers and hands (phalanges & metacarpals) are long bones. The square shaped carpals that make up the wrists are short bones, & there are sesamoid bones in several of the finger joints.

What is the function of the alveoli?

A) To remove impurities from inhaled air before it reaches the body's internal environment

B) To produce sounds used in communication

C) To provide a site for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between the blood and lungs

D) To deliver oxygen to cells for use in cellular respiration

C) To provide a site for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between the blood and lungs

Which tissue type is a tough, flexible protein fiber that acts as a supportive tissue in the creation of new bones?

A) Cartilage

B) Sesamoid bones

C) Ligament

D) Tendon

A) Cartilage

*Which sequence correctly represents the pathway of blood through the circulatory system?

A) Systemic veins → right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → systemic arteries

B) Systemic arteries → right ventricle → right atrium → lungs → left ventricle → left atrium → systemic veins C) Pulmonary arteries → right atrium → right ventricle → systemic arteries → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary veins D) Systemic veins → left atrium → left ventricle → lungs → right atrium → right ventricle → systemic arteries

A) Systemic veins → right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → systemic arteries

Which statement regarding ball and socket joints is true?

A) Ball & socket joints are multi-axial joints, which are highly mobile, allowing movement in multiple axes and planes.

B) Ball & socket joints are uni-axial joints, which are highly mobile, allowing rotation around a central axis.

C) Ball & socket joints are uni-axial joints, which are mobile, allowing movement in a single axis and plane.

D) Ball & socket joints are bi-axial joints, which are mobile, allowing movement in two planes.

A) Ball & socket joints are multi-axial joints, which are highly mobile, allowing movement in multiple axes and planes.

Which pairing of digestive enzymes and their functions is incorrect?

A) Lipase—breaks down fats

B) Nuclease—breaks down starch

C) Pepsin—breaks down proteins

D) Amylase—breaks down carbohydrates

B) Nuclease—breaks down starch

Which of the following best describes cardiac muscles?

A) Striated, involuntary

B) Unstriated, involuntary

C) Striated, voluntary

D) Unstriated, voluntary

A) Striated, involuntary

A patient needs to receive 0.25 L of fluid. How many milliliters should be administered?

A) 250 mL

B) 0.025 mL

C) 25 mL

D) 2,500 mL

A) 250 mL

Carbonic acid and bicarbonate in the blood act to counteract drastic changes in blood pH. What is the term for this type of chemical, and what is the correct pH range of the blood?

A) Cation; 7.5-7.6

B) Anion; 8.15-8.25

C) Buffer; 7.35-7.45

D) Hydrolytic; 7.25-7.30

C) Buffer; 7.35-7.45

A child gets a cut on his finger. Swelling occurs at the site to increase blood flow and bring phagocytes to the injury to destroy any foreign cells that may have been introduced. This response describes which type of immunity?

A) Adaptive immunity

B) Passive immunity

C) Intact immunity

D) Innate immunity

D) Innate immunity

The innate immune system responds quickly to general threats, such as the one described in the question. Adaptive immunity is built up over time as the body learns to recognize specific pathogens and target them for destruction

Which of these is not a lymphoid organ?

A) Thymus

B) Spleen

C) Liver

D) Tonsils

C) Liver

Which of these is not a part of the central nervous system?

A) Cranial nerves

B) Brain

C) Diencephalon

D) Spinal cord

A) Cranial nerves

The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. Cranial and spinal nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system. The diencephalon is the central region of the brain.

A drug company is testing a new blood pressure medication. A group of 50 patients with high blood pressure are given the new drug, and their blood pressure is monitored over one month. The company's results could be better verified if they included ____.

A) A longer period of time for the drug to take effect

B) A group of 50 patients given a placebo

C) Changes in the patients' lifestyle factors, such as diet and exercise, as well

D) A group of 50 patients who do not have high blood pressure

B) A group of 50 patients given a placebo

In which section of the digestive system are the most nutrients absorbed into the body?

A) Duodenum

B) Large intestine

C) Small intestine

D) Stomach

C) Small intestine

Externally, the human body is symmetrical across the ____.

A) Coronal plane

B) Transverse plane

C) Sagittal plane

D) Supine plane

C) Sagittal plane

Which layer of the skin contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerves?

A) The epidermis

B) The basal layer

C) The dermis

D) The subcutaneous layer

C) The dermis

Which statement best explains the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

A) Covalent bonds are created by shared electrons, while ionic bonds are created by shared neutrons.

B) Atoms gain electrons in covalent bonds and lose electrons in ionic bonds.

C) Only isotopes can make covalent bonds, whereas any type of atom can create an ionic bond.

D) Atoms share electrons in covalent bonds and gain or lose electrons in ionic bonds.

D) Atoms share electrons in covalent bonds and gain or lose electrons in ionic bonds.

An unknown metal has a mass of 0.968kg and a volume of 123cm³. The densities of several metals are listed below. What is the most likely identity of the unknown metal?

A) Nickel: 8.90g/cm³

B) Chromium: 7.19g/cm³

C) Aluminum: 2.70g/cm³

D) Iron: 7.87g/cm³

D) Iron: 7.87g/cm³

Food moves in the gastrointestinal tract by which of these processes?

A) Peristalsis of the skeletal muscles

B) Peristalsis of the smooth muscles

C) Voluntary waves of contraction

D) Voluntary contraction of the smooth muscles

B) Peristalsis of the smooth muscles

What is the function of amylase in the body?

A) It breaks down fat into glycerol.

B) It breaks down starch into simpler sugars.

C) It breaks down fat into fatty acids.

D) It breaks down proteins into amino acids.

B) It breaks down starch into simpler sugars.

A group of cells that perform a similar function is called a(n) ____.

A) Bundle

B) Organ

C) Organ system

D) Tissue

D) Tissue

Where are red blood cells created, and how long do they typically last?

A) Lymph nodes; six months

B) Bone marrow; one year

C) Bone marrow; four months

D) Lymph nodes; two months

C) Bone marrow; four months

All of the following processes lead to genetic variation in a population except ____.

A) Crossing over

B) Meiosis

C) Mitosis

D) Mutation

C) Mitosis

Which of these statements is false regarding blood cells?

A) Mature red blood cells are oval, bi-concave discs with a lifespan of 120 days.

B) White blood cells are larger and less abundant than red blood cells.

C) Mature red blood cells are bi-concave discs that have a central nucleus and long life span.

D) Neutrophils and lymphocytes are the most numerous types of white blood cells.

C) Mature red blood cells are bi-concave discs that have a central nucleus and long life span.

Viruses reproduce by ____.

A) Stealing DNA from a host cell

B) Combining DNA from two parent viruses to create new viruses

C) Copying their DNA and dividing in two

D) Inserting their DNA into a host cell, causing it to produce more viruses

D) Inserting their DNA into a host cell, causing it to produce more viruses

Which statement about RNA is true?

A) RNA is important in the process of replication.

B) mRNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes.

C) tRNA can be found in the nucleus, where proteins are synthesized.

D) RNA is double-stranded but shorter than DNA.

B) mRNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder. Knowing this information, what are the chances that a child will not have the recessive allele if both of his parents are carriers (heterozygous)?

A) 100%

B) 25%

C) 0%

D) 50%

B) 25%

The vital signs of a patient are listed below. Which of these readings falls outside the typical range?

A: Resting heart rate: 89 bpm

B: Systolic blood pressure: 140 mm Hg

C: Diastolic blood pressure: 78 mm Hg

A) B, C

B) A

C) B

D) A, B, C

C) B