Fundamentals of Programming - Mod 2

What

Programs

The directions that humans give to computers

Programmers

The people who create these directions

Programming Language

Special languages used by programmers to communicate directions to a computer

Editor

This allows the programmer to enter the program source code and save it to the files.

Syntax

This refers to the way pieces of the language are arranged to make well-formed sentences.

Compiler

Translates the source code to the target code.

Interpreter

It translates higher-level source code into target code.

Debugger

This allows a programmer to more easily trace a program’s execution in order to locate and correct errors in the program’s implementation.

Profiler

This collects statistics about a program’s execution allowing developers to tune appropriate parts of the program to improve performance

Computer software engineer

He designs an appropriate solution to a user’s problem

He codes a computer solution.

He codes a computer solution

Coding

It is the process of translating a computer solution into a language a computer can understand.

Machine Languages

Instructions written in 0s and 1s

Assembly Languages

Made writing code simpler than using only 0s and 1s

High-level procedure-oriented languages

Allows programmers to use english-like instructions.

High-level object-oriented languages

Requires the programmer to focus on the objects that the program can use to accomplish its goal.

Mnemonics

Symbols used to represent the actual machine language instructions

Assembler

Converts instructions to machine code.

Sequence Structure

This structure directs the computer to process the program instructions, one after another, in the order in which they are listed in the program.

Algorithm

It is a finite number of step-by-step instructions that accomplish a task.

Selection Structure

This structure directs the computer to make a decision (evaluate a condition) and then take an appropriate action based upon that decision.

Repetition Structure

This is commonly called iteration or looping, This structure directs the computer to repeat one or more program instructions until some condition is met.

Sequence
Repetition
Selection

Control Structures

Machine Languages
Assembly Languages
High-level Procedure-Oriented Languages
High-level Object-Oriented Languages

Types of Programming Languages

Editors
Compilers
Interpreters
Debuggers
Profilers

Development Tools