Biology Final

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for an organism to be considered alive?

Ability to reproduce

Ability to grow and develop

Ability to breathe

 Ability to respond to stimulus

Ability to breathe

Cells in an organism indicate...*

the organism is abiotic

all cells will have the same structure

the organism is biotic

 the organism can move

the organism is biotic

Scientists and nutritionists have long suspected that high-fructose corn syrup, used to sweeten soft drinks, is one of the causes of childhood obesity. In a recent study, at the University of Cincinnati, researchers found that mice that drank water with added fructose ate less solid food, gained more weight and put on 90% more body fat than mice that drank only water. Scientists concluded that fructose may affect metabolism in a way that favors fat storage.

What is the independent variable in this experiment?

the presence of fructose in their diet

 the mice that drank only water

the weight gained by the mice

the quantity of water provided

the quantity of food eaten

the presence of fructose in their diet

Based on the reading below, which hypothesis would be supported by the experiment?

If I add baking soda to the acid, then nothing will happen.

The mixture will fizz.

If I add baking soda to the acid, then the balloon change color.

If I add baking soda to the acid, then my balloon will inflate.

If I add baking soda to the acid, then my balloon will inflate.

Which of the following is the best definition of homeostasis

getting rid of waste

maintenance of a constant internal environment

 taking in oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide

keeping a constant temperature

maintenance of a constant internal environment

Which of the following is NOT an example of homeostasis?

maintaining body temperature

hair loss

 maintaining blood sugar levels

getting thirsty after a workout

hair loss

The diagrams below show a bacterium.  Why is it considered a prokaryote?

it has in irregular shape.

it doesn't have a nucleus

 it has a nucleus.

it has DNA

it doesn’t have a nucleus

The cells below are most likely:

animal cells because of their shape

plant cells because of their shape

 bacteria because of their shape

plant cells because of their shape

The cells in this pic require the production of ATP for energy in the cell.  Which organelle provides this energy?

cell membrane

mitochondrion

 nucleus

nucleolus

mitochondrion

Which of the following are part of the cell cycle?  Check all that apply.

lactase

prophase

 interphase

 metaphase

 amylase

prophase

 interphase

 metaphase

The diagram below represents a small section of a DNA molecule.  Which section of DNA represents the other side of DNA?

A T T C G G G A T A T T

T T A T A G G G C T T A

T A A G C C C T A T A A

 A A T A T C C C G A A T

T A A G C C C T A T A A

What pairs with guanine?

adenine (A)

cytosine (C)

 thymine (T)

uracil (U)

cytosine (C)

An example of an inherited trait is:

language

favorite food

clothing style

eye color

eye color

The pedigree chart below is for a family, some of whose members exhibit the recessive trait, wooly hair. Affected individuals are indicated by an open (non-shaded) square or circle. Use the chart to answer the following questions.  What is the genotype of individual B-5?

WW

Ww

ww

 WW or ww

ww or Ww

ww

In a particular plant, leaf color is controlled by gene D. Plants with the dominant allele D have dark green leaves, and plants with the homozygous recessive dd genotype have light green leaves. A purebred dark-leaved plant is crossed with a light-leaved one, and the F1 offspring is allowed to self-pollinate. The predicted outcome of this cross is diagrammed in the Punnett square shown below, where 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the genotypes corresponding to each box within the square.  Which of the boxes marked 1-4 correspond to plants with dark leaves?

1 only

1 and 2

2 and 3

4 only

1, 2, and 3

1, 2, and 3

Biogeochemical (nutrient) cycles in nature include which of the following elements?*carbon

hydrogen

nitrogen

oxygen

All of the above

All of the above

Humans are negatively impacting the carbon cycle by...(Check all that apply)

burning fossil fuels

 cutting down trees

 planting trees

irrigating crops

burning fossil fuels

 cutting down trees

In this food web, which is a correct sequence for the flow of energy in a food chain containing leopard seal?

A. Phytoplankton → krill → penguin → leopard seal

 B. Smaller toothed whales → leopard seal → fish → krill

C. Other birds → leopard seal → other seals → baleen whale

D. Carnivorous zooplankton → other seals → leopard seal → smaller toothed whales

A

Which energy pyramid accurately represents the amount of energy in a desert food chain including cactus, hawk, insect, and snake?

A

B

C

 D

C

Using the graph, determine which statement most likely describes the relationship between the population of organisms and the resources available to the population.

There are enough resources to support a stable population.

 There are not enough resources to support this growing population.

There are not enough resources to support this declining population.

There are inadequate resources and the population is experiencing dieback.

There are enough resources to support a stable population.

Kilauea is a Hawaiian volcano that erupted in 1959, destroying vegetation and animal life over an area of 5 million square meters.  After the eruption, scientists closely monitored the area to track the recolonization of the devastated habitat. The table below shows the changes in one localized area that was covered by a massive amount of lava rock with many cracks and crevices. Despite the colonization of the area by several different types of organisms by year 9, the overall cover of the habitat was so low that the surface still looked barren. Pioneer species are the first species to take hold in a barren area after a disaster has occurred. Based on the data, most of the pioneer species in this area were which of the following types of organisms?

A. Algae & mosses

 B. Mosses & seed plants

C. Ferns & lichens

D. Seed plants & algae

A

Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the sparrow and the toad?

Commensalism

Competition

 Predation

Mutualism

Competition

A spider spinning a web for the first time is likely due to this form of behavior...

learned

innate

 conditioned

repetition

innate

Natural selection says:

a) populations of plants and animals in nature most often consist of individuals that are clones of each other

b) those individuals whose variation gives them an advantage in staying alive long enough to reproduce are more likely to pass their traits on to the next generation

 c) populations of a species that become isolated from others by adapting to different environmental niches quickly become extinct

d) all of the above

B

The example of the peppered moths living near English industrial cities demonstrates that:

a) a change in an environment can result in the evolution of species living there

 b) evolution occurs so slowly that it is not possible to determine that it has happened in less than a million years

c) the environment near these cities has always favored dark colored moths

a