cultural deprivation theorists

What was Bernstein’s key idea?

Language codes

What was Bernstein’s relevance?

Working class and some ethnic minority children use restricted code, disadvantaging them in an education system dominated by elaborated code

What is a real life example of language codes?

Teachers may misunderstand or undervalue students who use restricted code, leading to lower expectations

What is Sewell’s key idea and in which year?

Lack of tough love, 2009

What is Sewell’s relevance?

Suggests the absence of fatherly discipline leads to underachievement among Black boys

What was Driver’s key idea and in which year?

Positive roles of ethnicity, 1977

What was Driver’s relevance?

Highlights how lone parent black families can provide strong female role models

What was Murray’s key idea and in which year?

Dependency culture, 1984

What was Murray’s relevance?

Claims lone parent black families create a dependency culture that hinders children’s achievement

What was Moynihan’s key idea and in which year?

Lone mothers, 1965

What was Moynihan’s relevance?

Argues that the absence of a male role model in black families leads to cultural deprivation

What was Keddie’s key idea and in which year?

Myth of cultural deprivation, 1971

What was Keddie’s relevance?

Claims ethnic minority students are culturally different, not deprived