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Mass of products =
The mass of the reactants
Balanced symbol equation
equal numbers of each type of atom on either side of equation
Relative atomic mass
weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
Relative mass of carbon-12
12
Relative formula mass
The relative atomic masses of the elements in a compound added together
Theoretical yield
maximum amount of product that can be made
Actual yield
The amount of product made by carrying out the reaction
Percentage yield equation
Actual yield/theoretical yield x 100
Reasons % yield is less than 100%
Reversible reaction, product is lost, side reactions
Reversible reaction
A chemical reaction in which the products re-form the original reactants
Ways product is lost
Stuck in the reaction vessel, or by separation from the reaction mixture
Side reactions
Reactions that do not give the desired product of a reaction
Use of percentage yield
To measure the efficiency of a reaction
Molecular formula
A chemical formula that shows the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule, but not the arrangement
Empirical formula
a chemical formula showing simplest ratio of elements in a compound
Hydrated
A crystal containing water molecules
Anhydrous
A crystal which doesn't contain any water molecules
Heating to constant mass
Heating and weighing, and repeating this until two readings are the same
Thermal decomposition
The breakdown of a compound by heat
Determining waters of crystallisation
Heat hydrated compound to constant mass
Mole
Avogadro's number of an atom, ion or compound
Formula for moles
Mass(g)/relative formula mass (Mr)
The mass of 1 mole of any substance=
formula mass in grams
mol
Symbol for moles
Value of Avogadro constant
6.02 x 10^23
Avogadro's constant
The number of atoms, molecules or ions in a mole of a given substance
Relative atomic mass
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
Relative formula mass
The relative atomic masses of the elements in a compound added together
Reacting mass
The amount of one reactant needed to react exactly with another reactant.
Link between moles and equations
Multipliers show you the ratio of moles in a reaction
Reagent
Reactant
Limiting reactant (limiting reagent)
A reactant that is totally used up so it determines the amount of product formed.
Excess
More than is required to react with the limiting reactant
1 kg
1000 g
1 tonne
1000 kg
Note 
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