Studied by 0 people
Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms
Wavelength (位)
the distance between identical points on successive waves
Frequency (饾湀)
the number of waves that pass through a particular point in 1 second
Amplitude
the vertical distance from the midline of a wake to the top of the peak or the bottom of the trough
Electromagnetic Wave
has an electric field component and magnetic field component; both waves have the same wavelength, frequency, and speed and travel in perpendicular planes
Photoelectric Effect
electrons are ejected from the from the sure of a metal exposed to light of at least a certain minimum frequency, called the threshold frequency
Emission Spectrum
the light emitted, either as a continuum or in discrete lines, by a substance in an excited electron state
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
It is impossible to know simultaneously both the momentum and position of a particle with certainty
Quantum Numbers
Describe the location and behavior of an electron
Principal Quantum Number (n)
designates the size of the orbital; the larger n is, the greater the distance from the nucleus; sometimes called the energy level
Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)
describes the shape of the atomic orbital; sometime just called the sublevel; we use letters to designate shape of sublevel
Magnetic Quantum Number (Ml)
Orientation of the orbital in space; sometimes referred to as orbital
Electron Spin Quantum Number (Ms)
Specifies the electrons spin; only has 2 possible values, one represents a clockwise spin and one represents a clockwise spin and one represents a counterclockwise spin
Electron Configuration
shows how electrons are distributed in the various atomic orbitals
Pauli Exclusion Principle
no two electrons in the same atom can have the same four quantum numbers; only two electrons can occupy an orbital and they must have opposite spins
Aufbau Principle
Electrons occupy orbitals in order from lowest energy to highest
Hund鈥檚 Rule
the most stable arrangement of electrons in orbitals of equal energy is the one in which the number of electrons with the same spin is maximized; fill all orbitals with one electron before pairing them up
Noble Gas Configurations
Shortcut for election configurations by putting most recent noble gas in brackets
