Spirochetes

Hook-shaped ends

What is the appearance of Leptospira interrogans?

Rodents

What animals are common reservoirs for Leptospira interrogans?

Weil disease

What severe disease can Leptospira interrogans cause?

Lyme disease

What disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi?

Ixodes tick (deer tick)

What is the vector for Borrelia burgdorferi?

Mouse

What is the reservoir for Borrelia burgdorferi?

Erythema migrans

What is the classic rash in early Lyme disease?

• Chronic arthritis

• Encephalopathy

What are symptoms of late Lyme disease?

• Borrelia hermsii

• Borrelia turicatae

Which Borrelia species cause relapsing fever in the United States?

Borrelia recurrentis

Which Borrelia species causes epidemic relapsing fever in the developing world?

Louse

What is the vector for Borrelia recurrentis?

Dark-field 

What specific type of microscope is used to visualize Treponema pallidum in primary syphilis?

Painless chancre

What is the classic lesion of primary syphilis?

• Maculopapular rash

• Condylomata lata

What are two features of secondary syphilis?

FTA-ABS

What test is used to confirm syphilis after a positive screening test?

Congenital syphilis

What type of syphilis occurs when infection is transmitted during pregnancy?