Unit 1 - The Global Tapestry: Developments in Dar-al-Islam 1200-1450

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the developments in Dar-al-Islam from 1200 to 1450, highlighting important figures, events, and cultural achievements.

Dar-al-Islam

Refers to the regions where Islam is the ruling faith and Islamic law is practiced.

Abbasid Caliphate

A dynasty that ruled from 750-1258 C.E. and was marked by cultural, religious, and scientific achievements.

Algebra

A branch of mathematics created by Al-Khwarizmi, originating from the term 'al-jabr' which means the art of bringing together unknowns to match a known quantity.

House of Wisdom

An academic institution established in Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate that preserved ancient texts and fostered scientific discovery.

Sakk

A type of financial instrument or check developed during the Abbasid Caliphate to facilitate trade.

Ulama

Islamic scholars who interpreted Islamic law and were influential in the advancement of Islamic policy.

Harem

A separate part of a Muslim household reserved for the women, which became prevalent in Abbasid society.

Calligraphy

Artistic handwriting that became an important aspect of Islamic art, often used to illustrate poetry and religious texts.

Sufi

A mystical Islamic belief system emphasizing personal experience of God, often through asceticism and devotion.

Delhi Sultanate

An extensive Muslim state in India established in 1206, characterized by a rule over Hindu subjects.

Al-Andalus

Islamic Spain, noted for its cultural flourishing and coexistence of Muslims, Christians, and Jews.

Crusades

Religious wars initiated by Western European Christians aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from Muslim control.

Persian Influence

Cultural impact of Persian traditions on the Abbasid Caliphate, which shaped its governance and arts.

Optics

A branch of science that was advanced during the Golden Age of Islam, particularly by scholars like Ibn al-Haytham.

Minaret

A tall tower typically attached to a mosque, used for calling Muslims to prayer.

Greco-Roman Knowledge

Ancient knowledge preserved and enhanced by Muslims, important for their scientific and philosophical advances.

Intellectual Innovation

Development of new ideas, techniques, and advancements in various fields including mathematics and medicine.

Astronomy

The scientific study of celestial bodies which saw significant advancements during the Islamic Golden Age.

Polytheism to Monotheism

The transition in religious belief systems from the worship of multiple deities to the belief in a single god, as exemplified in the spread of Islam.

Caste System

A hierarchical social structure in India that posed challenges to the spread of Islam among high-caste Hindus.

Sufi Mystics

Individuals who practiced asceticism and sought a personal union with God, contributing significantly to the spread of Islam.

Dar-al-Islam

Refers to the regions where Islam is the ruling faith and Islamic law is practiced.

Abbasid Caliphate

A dynasty that ruled from 750-1258 C.E. and was marked by cultural, religious, and scientific achievements.

Algebra

A branch of mathematics created by Al-Khwarizmi, originating from the term 'al-jabr' which means the art of bringing together unknowns to match a known quantity.

House of Wisdom

An academic institution established in Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate that preserved ancient texts and fostered scientific discovery.

Sakk

A type of financial instrument or check developed during the Abbasid Caliphate to facilitate trade.

Ulama

Islamic scholars who interpreted Islamic law and were influential in the advancement of Islamic policy.

Harem

A separate part of a Muslim household reserved for the women, which became prevalent in Abbasid society.

Calligraphy

Artistic handwriting that became an important aspect of Islamic art, often used to illustrate poetry and religious texts.

Sufi

A mystical Islamic belief system emphasizing personal experience of God, often through asceticism and devotion.

Delhi Sultanate

An extensive Muslim state in India established in 1206, characterized by a rule over Hindu subjects.

Al-Andalus

Islamic Spain, noted for its cultural flourishing and coexistence of Muslims, Christians, and Jews.

Crusades

Religious wars initiated by Western European Christians aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from Muslim control.

Persian Influence

Cultural impact of Persian traditions on the Abbasid Caliphate, which shaped its governance and arts.

Optics

A branch of science that was advanced during the Golden Age of Islam, particularly by scholars like Ibn al-Haytham.

Minaret

A tall tower typically attached to a mosque, used for calling Muslims to prayer.

Greco-Roman Knowledge

Ancient knowledge preserved and enhanced by Muslims, important for their scientific and philosophical advances.

Intellectual Innovation

Development of new ideas, techniques, and advancements in various fields including mathematics and medicine.

Astronomy

The scientific study of celestial bodies which saw significant advancements during the Islamic Golden Age.

Polytheism to Monotheism

The transition in religious belief systems from the worship of multiple deities to the belief in a single god, as exemplified in the spread of Islam.

Caste System

A hierarchical social structure in India that posed challenges to the spread of Islam among high-caste Hindus.

Sufi Mystics

Individuals who practiced asceticism and sought a personal union with God, contributing significantly to the spread of Islam.

Ibn al-Haytham

A prominent Arab scientist and polymath who made significant contributions to the principles of optics, visual perception, and scientific methodology.

Ibn Sina (Avicenna)

A Persian polymath who was one of the most influential thinkers and physicians in the Islamic world, known for 'The Canon of Medicine'.

Cordoba

The capital of Al-Andalus, renowned for its intellectual and cultural achievements, including its grand mosque and libraries, fostering coexistence and scholarship.

Mongol Invasions

A series of military campaigns by the Mongol Empire that severely weakened the Abbasid Caliphate, culminating in the sacking of Baghdad in 1258 C.E. and the end of the Caliphate.