SCIENCE REVIEWER

Basic unit of life

Cell

Organelle known as the powerhouse of the cell

Mitochondria

Organelle that controls the activities of the cell

Nucleus

Organelle responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells

Chloroplast

Process plants use to convert light energy into chemical energy

Photosynthesis

Gas absorbed by plants during photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide ($\text{CO}_2$)

Gas released by plants during photosynthesis

Oxygen ($\text{O}_2$)

Molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Basic physical and functional unit of heredity

Gene

Scientist known as the Father of Modern Genetics

Gregor Mendel

Type of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells

Mitosis

Type of cell division that produces sex cells (gametes)

Meiosis

Force that pulls objects toward the center of the Earth

Gravity

Alternative name for Newton's First Law of Motion

Law of Inertia

Formula representing Newton's Second Law of Motion

$$F = ma$$

Principle described by Newton's Third Law of Motion

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Formula for calculating speed

$$\text{Speed} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}}$$

Formula for calculating density

$$\text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}$$

SI unit of force

Newton ($\text{N}$)

SI unit of energy

Joule ($\text{J}$)

Smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties

Atom

Subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge

Proton

Subatomic particle with a negative electrical charge

Electron

Subatomic particle with no electrical charge

Neutron

Pure substance made of only one kind of atom

Element

Substance formed when two or more elements chemically combine

Compound

Classification of a substance with a $\text{pH}$ below $7$

Acid

Classification of a substance with a $\text{pH}$ above $7$

Base (Alkaline)

$\text{pH}$ value of a neutral substance

$$7$$

Three main types of tectonic plate boundaries

Convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries

Primary cause of most earthquakes

Movement of tectonic plates along faults

Instrument used to record seismic waves from earthquakes

Seismograph

Point inside the Earth where an earthquake originates

Focus (Hypocenter)

Point on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake focus

Epicenter

Body system that transports oxygen, nutrients, and wastes

Circulatory system

Muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the body

Heart

Specific structure in the lungs where gas exchange occurs

Alveoli

Ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions

Homeostasis

Primary molecule used as energy currency in cells

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Process of water changing from a liquid to a gas

Evaporation