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what did darwin propose as the mechanism of evolution?
natural selection
what is quantitative data?
recorded measurement
what is a hypothesis?
logical explanation, rational accounting, tentative answer to a well framed question, prediction
logical explanation, rational accounting, tentative answer to a well framed question, prediction
what is a hypothesis?
what are the two important qualities that a scientific hypothesis has?
testable and falsifiable
where is the difference between an experimental group and a control group?
variable of interest
variable of interest
where is the difference between an experimental group and a control group?
what are the seven properties?
order
evolutionary adaptation
response to environment
reproduction
growth and development
energy processing
regulation
order
evolutionary adaptation
response to environment
reproduction
growth and development
energy processing
regulation
what are the seven properties?
describe the property of order
life has a highly ordered structure
describe the property of reproduction
organisms reproduce their own kind
describe the property of evolutionary adaptation
adaptation evolves over generations by reproduction. those w certain heritable traits are best suited for their environment
describe the property of response to environment
species respond to environmental stimulus
describe the property of growth and development
inherited info carried by genes control the growth and development of organisms
inherited info carried by genes control the growth and development of organisms
describe the property of growth and development
describe the property of energy processing
species obtain fuel from plants and then use this chemical energy from the food to power its movements
describe the property of regulation
certain mechanisms inside an organism regulate its health
what are emergent properties?
new properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life
what causes emergent properties?
arrangements and interactions that emerge as complexity increases
what is the biosphere?
crust of the earth and the life on it, life on a planet and the places it exists
what is an ecosystem?
living things in an environment and the nonliving things in the environment that the life interacts w
what is a community?
organisms in an ecosystem that belong to a species, population in an environment
what is a population?
a species living in an environment
what is a species?
group that can only reproduce w each other
what is an organism?
living thing w one or more cells
what is an organ?
part of an organism, body part
what are tissues?
groups of cells that work together
groups of cells that work together
what are tissues?
what is a cell?
life’s fundamental unit of structure and function
what do tissues do?
helps organ function
helps organ function
what do tissues do?
what is a molecule?
chemical structure
chemical structure
what is a molecule?
what can be done with molecules?
organized into systems to do jobs
organized into systems to do jobs
what can be done with molecules?
what is the atomic level?
atom and molecule
what are the seven themes?
new properties emerge at each level in the hierarchy
continuity of life is based on heritable info in the form of dna
life requires energy transfer and transformation
structure and function are correlated at all levels of organization
the cell is an organism’s basic unit of structure and function
organisms interact with other organisms and the physical environment
feedback mechanisms regulate systems
new properties emerge at each level in the hierarchy
continuity of life is based on heritable info in the form of dna
life requires energy transfer and transformation
structure and function are correlated at all levels of organization
the cell is an organism’s basic unit of structure and function
organisms interact with other organisms and the physical environment
feedback mechanisms regulate systems
what are the seven themes?
what do the genes in the dna of a cell do?
guide the production and movements of proteins
what is the makeup of a eukaryotic cell?
membrane enclosed organelles the largest of which is the nucleus
membrane enclosed organelles the largest of which is the nucleus
what is the makeup of a eukaryotic cell?
what is the makeup of a prokaryotic cell?
does not have a nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles, simpler, smaller
does not have a nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles, simpler, smaller
what is the makeup of a prokaryotic cell?
what is dna?
nucleic acid molecule, deoxyribonucleic acid, double stranded helix, substance of gene, universal genetic language common to all organisms
nucleic acid molecule, deoxyribonucleic acid, double stranded helix, substance of gene, universal genetic language common to all organisms
what is dna?
describe the double stranded helix of dna
each polynucleotide strand has nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and nitrogenous bases adenine (a), cytosine (c), guanine (g), and thymine (t)
each polynucleotide strand has nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and nitrogenous bases adenine (a), cytosine (c), guanine (g), thymine (t)
describe the double stranded helix of dna
what can be done with dna?
replicated
replicated
what can be done with dna?
what does dna determine?
the inherited structure of a cell’s proteins
what is a gene?
section of dna from a chromosome, individual unit of hereditary info with a nucleotide sequence, unit of inheritance
section of dna from a chromosome, individual unit of hereditary into with a nucleotide sequence, unit of inheritance
what is a gene?
where are genes found?
in dna and sometimes rna
in dna and sometimes rna
where are genes found?
what does genes do?
transmit info from parents to offspring, encode info for building proteins
what is the genome?
genetic instructions, complete complement of an organism’s or virus’s genes, noncoding nucleic acid sequences
genetic instructions, complete complement of an organism’s or virus’s genes, noncoding nucleic acid sequences
what is the genome?
what is negative feedback?
loop where the response reduces the initial stimulus
what occurs with negative feedback?
as more of a product accumulates the process that creates it slows and less of the product is produced
what happens with positive feedback?
as more of a product accumulates the process that creates it speeds up and more of the product is produced, end product speeds up its own production
what does evolution account for?
the unit and diversity of life
what is done with dna?
inherited by offspring from their parents
why is everything the way it is?
because it works
what do viruses have?
dna
what do chordates have?
backbone
where is the only place life exists?
crust of the earth
what provides everything we need?
sun
what is in phylum chordata?
chordate
chordate
what is in phylum chordata?
what is in family ursidae?
bear
bear
what is in family ursidae?
what is in genus ursus?
great bear
how is life organized?
three domains or groups
what level of organization has the greatest diversity of organisms?
domain
what level of organization has the least diversity of organisms?
species
what are the eight levels of organization in order?
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
what are the eight levels of organization in order?
what is taxonomy?
branch of biology that names and classifies species or organisms into groups of increasing depth
why has there been changes in the placement of certain groups in the recent years?
new molecular info
new molecular info
why has there been changes in the placement of certain groups in the recent years?
what kingdom is in domain archaea?
kingdom archaea
what kingdom is in domain bacteria?
kingdom bacteria
what kingdoms are in domai eukarya?
animal, plant, fungi and protist
what two main points were articulated in darwin’s the origin of species?
species show evidence of descent with modification from common ancestors
natural selection is the mechanism behind descent with modification
what is natural selection?
process where the individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other and over generations these individuals take up most of the population
what does a twig indicate on an evolution tree?
a species that has an ancestor
what does a branch point represent on an evolution tree?
where the descents diverge from a common ancestor
what do scientists use in their study of nature?
two main forms of inquiry
two main forms of inquiry
what do scientists use in their study of nature?
what are the two main forms of inquiry?
exploration and observation
what is data?
recorded observation, item of info
recorded observation, item of info
what is data?
what is scientific inquiry based on?
data
data
what is scientific inquiry based on?
what is qualitative data?
recorded description
recorded description
what is qualitative data?
what is quantitative data?
recorded measurement
what type of data can be organized into graphs, tables and charts?
quantitative data
what are hypotheses based on?
observation
assumption
data
what are hypotheses guided by?
inductive reasoning
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Flashcard (33)