research ch 1

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions from the lecture notes on systematic inquiry, research methods, and evidence-based practice in audiology and speech-language pathology.

A research view where a question is asked and answered through predetermined procedures carried out in a regular, orderly manner.

Systematic inquiry

Systematic investigation aimed at answering questions important to a field or society, using data collection and analysis.

Research

A sequence of steps from problem identification and background research to testing and evaluating possible answers.

Scientific method

First step: recognize and define a problem to study, refined by background research.

Identify a problem

Reviewing existing information to define and refine the research problem.

Background research

A specific educated guess or question to investigate within a study.

Hypothesis

Formulating a precise hypothesis or research question guiding data collection.

Develop a hypothesis or question to investigate

Designing procedures for testing the hypothesis or answering the question.

Plan procedures

Gathering information using predefined procedures to test the hypothesis.

Collect data

Examining collected data to determine the viability of the hypothesis or answer.

Analyze data

A clinician (e.g., audiologist or SLP) who provides clinical services and also conducts research.

Clinician-scientist

Using the best available scientific evidence, along with clinical expertise and client considerations, to guide evaluation and treatment.

Evidence-based practice

A rigorous review of existing research using defined methods to summarize evidence.

Systematic review

A systematic review that uses qualitative and quantitative analysis to combine results across studies.

Meta-analysis

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses; guidelines for reporting reviews.

PRISMA

Evaluates the cost of a program relative to outcomes to determine value.

Cost-effectiveness research

Assesses costs and long-term societal benefits of a program or service.

Cost-benefit research

Research that collects new information through observation and measurement.

Empirical research

Research that relies on existing information rather than new data collection.

Nonempirical research

Research focusing on verbal, descriptive data and non-numeric information.

Qualitative research

Research focusing on numerical data, counts, and measurable properties.

Quantitative research

Experimental research with manipulated variables and random assignment to conditions.

True experimental

Experimental research with manipulation but without random assignment.

Quasi-experimental

Early, exploratory study with a small number of participants.

Phase I clinical trial

A true experimental study with a larger sample and stronger design.

Phase II clinical trial

Confirmatory research, often multi-site, with many participants.

Phase III clinical trial

Research on applying a treatment in real-world settings; translational/implementation science.

Phase IV clinical trial

Research comparing two or more groups under different conditions.

Group research

Experimental research focusing on an individual or a small number of participants.

Single-subject research

Nonexperimental studies that describe typical behaviors or characteristics.

Descriptive research

Nonexperimental study comparing groups with preexisting differences.

Case-control study

Studies examining relationships between variables without asserting causation.

Correlational research